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Setting the learning rate (LR) for a deep learning model is a critical part of successful training. Choosing LRs is often done empirically with trial and error. In this work, we explore a solvable model of optimal LR schedules for a…

无序系统与神经网络 · 物理学 2026-05-11 Blake Bordelon , Francesco Mori

Establishing a fast rate of convergence for optimization methods is crucial to their applicability in practice. With the increasing popularity of deep learning over the past decade, stochastic gradient descent and its adaptive variants…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-01-03 Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Mikhail Belkin , Caroline Uhler

Stochastic gradient decent~(SGD) and its variants, including some accelerated variants, have become popular for training in machine learning. However, in all existing SGD and its variants, the sample size in each iteration~(epoch) of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-09-18 Shen-Yi Zhao , Hao Gao , Wu-Jun Li

Adaptive gradient methods such as Adam have gained increasing popularity in deep learning optimization. However, it has been observed that compared with (stochastic) gradient descent, Adam can converge to a different solution with a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-26 Difan Zou , Yuan Cao , Yuanzhi Li , Quanquan Gu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with mini-batching is a standard tool in large-scale optimization, yet its theoretical properties under heavy-tailed gradient noise remain largely unexplored. In this paper we study SGD with increasing…

概率论 · 数学 2026-05-11 Bartosz Glowacki , Rafal Kulik , Philippe Soulier

This paper presents a novel adaptation of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), termed AdaBatchGrad. This modification seamlessly integrates an adaptive step size with an adjustable batch size. An increase in batch size and a decrease in…

Large-batch training has been essential in leveraging large-scale datasets and models in deep learning. While it is computationally beneficial to use large batch sizes, it often requires a specially designed learning rate (LR) schedule to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-14 Chiheon Kim , Saehoon Kim , Jongmin Kim , Donghoon Lee , Sungwoong Kim

Adam is shown not being able to converge to the optimal solution in certain cases. Researchers recently propose several algorithms to avoid the issue of non-convergence of Adam, but their efficiency turns out to be unsatisfactory in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-25 Zhiming Zhou , Qingru Zhang , Guansong Lu , Hongwei Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

The impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) arises from their massive scale and heterogeneous module composition. However, this structural heterogeneity introduces additional optimization challenges. While adaptive optimizers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Ziqing Wen , Zhouyang Liu , Jiahuan Wang , Ping Luo , Li Shen , Dongsheng Li , Tao Sun

Like many optimization algorithms, Stochastic Variational Inference (SVI) is sensitive to the choice of the learning rate. If the learning rate is too small, the optimization process may be slow, and the algorithm might get stuck in local…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Maximilian Dinkel , Gil Robalo Rei , Wolfgang A. Wall

Reinforcement learning (RL), particularly RL from verifiable reward (RLVR), has become a crucial phase of training large language models (LLMs) and a key focus of current scaling efforts. However, optimization practices in RL largely follow…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Sagnik Mukherjee , Lifan Yuan , Pavan Jayasinha , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Hao Peng

Deep learning optimizers are optimization algorithms that enable deep neural networks to learn. The effectiveness of learning is highly dependent on the optimizer employed in the training process. Alongside the rapid advancement of deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Doğay Altınel

Adaptive gradient methods, especially Adam-type methods (such as Adam, AMSGrad, and AdaBound), have been proposed to speed up the training process with an element-wise scaling term on learning rates. However, they often generalize poorly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-20 Zhou Shao , Tong Lin

We introduce a general method for improving the convergence rate of gradient-based optimizers that is easy to implement and works well in practice. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in a range of optimization problems by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-08-23 Atilim Gunes Baydin , Robert Cornish , David Martinez Rubio , Mark Schmidt , Frank Wood

Stochastic gradient descent-based algorithms are widely used for training deep neural networks but often suffer from slow convergence. To address the challenge, we leverage the framework of the alternating direction method of multipliers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-03 Ouya Wang , Shenglong Zhou , Geoffrey Ye Li

Adaptive gradient methods have become popular in optimizing deep neural networks; recent examples include AdaGrad and Adam. Although Adam usually converges faster, variations of Adam, for instance, the AdaBelief algorithm, have been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra

Stochastic gradient-based descent (SGD), have long been central to training large language models (LLMs). However, their effectiveness is increasingly being questioned, particularly in large-scale applications where empirical evidence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Di Zhang , Yihang Zhang

Deep neural networks are traditionally trained using human-designed stochastic optimization algorithms, such as SGD and Adam. Recently, the approach of learning to optimize network parameters has emerged as a promising research topic.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-26 Shipeng Wang , Jian Sun , Zongben Xu

Modern recommendation systems frequently employ online learning to dynamically update their models with freshly collected data. The most commonly used optimizer for updating neural networks in these contexts is the Adam optimizer, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Shaowen Wang , Anan Liu , Jian Xiao , Huan Liu , Yuekui Yang , Cong Xu , Qianqian Pu , Suncong Zheng , Wei Zhang , Di Wang , Jie Jiang , Jian Li

We introduce Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments. The method is straightforward to implement, is computationally efficient, has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-01-31 Diederik P. Kingma , Jimmy Ba