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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but face challenges from hallucinations, which typically arise from insufficient knowledge or context. While instructing LLMs to acknowledge knowledge limitations by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Jiaqi Li , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

The utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in analytical tasks is rooted in their vast pre-trained knowledge, which allows them to interpret ambiguous inputs and infer missing information. However, this same capability introduces a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Humam Kourani , Anton Antonov , Alessandro Berti , Wil M. P. van der Aalst

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode vast world knowledge across multiple languages, yet their internal beliefs are often unevenly distributed across linguistic spaces. When external evidence contradicts these language-dependent memories,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Jiaqi Zhao , Qiang Huang , Haodong Chen , Xiaoxing You , Jun Yu

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the development of natural language processing (NLP), especially in text generation tasks like question answering. However, model hallucinations remain a major…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Zhongxin Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Jun Niu , Ying Li , Hongyu Sun , Meng Xu , He Wang , Gaofei Wu , Yuqing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can make up answers that are not real, and this is known as hallucination. This research aims to see if, how, and to what extent LLMs are aware of hallucination. More specifically, we check whether and how an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-16 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

Large language models (LLMs) are able to generate human-like responses to user queries. However, LLMs exhibit inherent limitations, especially because they hallucinate. This paper introduces LP-LM, a system that grounds answers to questions…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Katherine Wu , Yanhong A. Liu

This work presents a framework for assessing whether large language models (LLMs) encode more factual knowledge in their parameters than what they express in their outputs. While a few studies hint at this possibility, none has clearly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Zorik Gekhman , Eyal Ben David , Hadas Orgad , Eran Ofek , Yonatan Belinkov , Idan Szpektor , Jonathan Herzig , Roi Reichart

Despite efforts to expand the knowledge of large language models (LLMs), knowledge gaps -- missing or outdated information in LLMs -- might always persist given the evolving nature of knowledge. In this work, we study approaches to identify…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Shangbin Feng , Weijia Shi , Yike Wang , Wenxuan Ding , Vidhisha Balachandran , Yulia Tsvetkov

Integrating large language models (LLMs) with rule-based reasoning offers a powerful solution for improving the flexibility and reliability of Knowledge Base Completion (KBC). Traditional rule-based KBC methods offer verifiable reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Qiyuan He , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

Despite the recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) and their high performances across numerous benchmarks, recent research has unveiled that LLMs suffer from hallucinations and unfaithful reasoning. This work studies a specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Bangzheng Li , Ben Zhou , Fei Wang , Xingyu Fu , Dan Roth , Muhao Chen

Hallucination is often regarded as a major impediment for using large language models (LLMs), especially for knowledge-intensive tasks. Even when the training corpus consists solely of true statements, language models still generate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-12 Yuji Zhang , Sha Li , Jiateng Liu , Pengfei Yu , Yi R. Fung , Jing Li , Manling Li , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise as parametric knowledge bases, but often underperform on question answering (QA) tasks due to hallucinations and uncertainty. While prior work attributes these failures to knowledge gaps in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Xingjian Tao , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Zhicheng Yang , Jing Tang

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from the hallucination problem and face significant challenges when applied to knowledge-intensive tasks. A promising approach is to leverage evidence documents as extra supporting knowledge, which can be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Xinxin Zheng , Feihu Che , Jinyang Wu , Shuai Zhang , Shuai Nie , Kang Liu , Jianhua Tao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to make sense of ambiguous, open-textured, value-laden terms. Platforms routinely rely on LLMs for content moderation, asking them to label text based on disputed concepts like "hate…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Shira Gur-Arieh , Angelina Wang , Sina Fazelpour

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive reasoning ability and the maintenance of world knowledge not only in natural language tasks, but also in some vision-language tasks such as open-domain knowledge-based visual question…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Ziyue Wang , Chi Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu

The reliability of large language models (LLMs) is greatly compromised by their tendency to hallucinate, underscoring the need for precise identification of knowledge gaps within LLMs. Various methods for probing such gaps exist, ranging…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Raoyuan Zhao , Abdullatif Köksal , Ali Modarressi , Michael A. Hedderich , Hinrich Schütze

Large language models (LLMs) are highly capable but face latency challenges in real-time applications, such as conducting online hallucination detection. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel framework that leverages a small language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-26 Mengya Hu , Rui Xu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal , Alex Deng

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across diverse tasks but often struggle to accurately gauge their knowledge boundaries, leading to confident yet incorrect responses. This paper explores leveraging LLMs' internal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Lulu Yu , Baolong Bi , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) have majorly advanced NLP and AI, and next to their ability to perform a wide range of procedural tasks, a major success factor is their internalized factual knowledge. Since Petroni et al. (2019), analyzing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Yujia Hu , Tuan-Phong Nguyen , Shrestha Ghosh , Simon Razniewski

It is important for Large Language Models (LLMs) to be aware of the boundary of their knowledge, distinguishing queries they can confidently answer from those that lie beyond their capabilities. Such awareness enables models to perform…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Lihu Chen , Gerard de Melo , Fabian M. Suchanek , Gaël Varoquaux