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The emerging capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have sparked concerns about their immediate potential for harmful misuse. The core approach to mitigate these concerns is the detection of harmful queries to the model. Current…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Sahil Verma , Keegan Hines , Jeff Bilmes , Charlotte Siska , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hila Gonen , Chandan Singh

Large language models (LLMs) struggle on processing complicated observations in interactive decision making tasks. To alleviate this issue, we propose a simple hierarchical prompting approach. Diverging from previous prompting approaches…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Abishek Sridhar , Robert Lo , Frank F. Xu , Hao Zhu , Shuyan Zhou

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan

Large language models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which typically rely on carefully designed prompts containing explicit semantic structure. These attacks generally operate by fixing an adversarial instruction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Marco Rando , Samuel Vaiter

Prompt optimization aims to search for effective prompts that enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). Although existing prompt optimization methods have discovered effective prompts, they often differ from sophisticated…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Rin Ashizawa , Yoichi Hirose , Nozomu Yoshinari , Kento Uchida , Shinichi Shirakawa

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised security concerns due to their susceptibility to producing harmful or policy-violating outputs when exposed to adversarial prompts. While alignment and guardrails mitigate common…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Rishit Chugh

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as these models become increasingly integrated into various societal and decision-making processes. Traditional methods, such as reinforcement learning from human…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, from virtual assistants to autonomous agents. However, their flexibility also introduces new attack vectors-particularly Prompt Injection (PI), where…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Mengxiao Wang , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu

System prompts that include detailed instructions to describe the task performed by the underlying LLM can easily transform foundation models into tools and services with minimal overhead. They are often considered intellectual property,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 David Pape , Sina Mavali , Thorsten Eisenhofer , Lea Schönherr

Over the past decade, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the extraction of information from textual process descriptions. Despite the remarkable progress witnessed in natural language processing (NLP), information extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-29 Julian Neuberger , Lars Ackermann , Han van der Aa , Stefan Jablonski

Gradient-free prompt optimization methods have made significant strides in enhancing the performance of closed-source Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. However, existing approaches make light of the importance of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Muchen Yang , Moxin Li , Yongle Li , Zijun Chen , Chongming Gao , Junqi Zhang , Yangyang Li , Fuli Feng

Inference optimization is a vital technique for deploying LLMs at scale. Compilation is the most widely adopted optimization technique for LLMs. While it assumes semantic equivalence between the original and compiled graphs, we first…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Yifei Wang , Tianlin Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Yida Yang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Li Pan

Batch prompting, which combines a batch of multiple queries sharing the same context in one inference, has emerged as a promising solution to reduce inference costs. However, our study reveals a significant security vulnerability in batch…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Murong Yue , Ziyu Yao

Prompt optimization is essential for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in scenarios of few-shot learning where training examples are incorporated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-15 Dai Do , Quan Tran , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le

Highly effective, task-specific prompts are often heavily engineered by experts to integrate detailed instructions and domain insights based on a deep understanding of both instincts of large language models (LLMs) and the intricacies of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-08 Xinyuan Wang , Chenxi Li , Zhen Wang , Fan Bai , Haotian Luo , Jiayou Zhang , Nebojsa Jojic , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a range of NLP tasks. However, their strong instruction-following capabilities and inability to distinguish instructions from data content make them vulnerable to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

Since the emergence of large language models, prompt learning has become a popular method for optimizing and customizing these models. Special prompts, such as Chain-of-Thought, have even revealed previously unknown reasoning capabilities…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Rui Pan , Shuo Xing , Shizhe Diao , Wenhe Sun , Xiang Liu , Kashun Shum , Renjie Pi , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Since the advent of large language models, prompt engineering now enables the rapid, low-effort creation of diverse autonomous agents that are already in widespread use. Yet this convenience raises urgent concerns about the safety,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Daewon Kang , YeongHwan Shin , Doyeon Kim , Kyu-Hwan Jung , Meong Hi Son

Optimization is ubiquitous. While derivative-based algorithms have been powerful tools for various problems, the absence of gradient imposes challenges on many real-world applications. In this work, we propose Optimization by PROmpting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Chengrun Yang , Xuezhi Wang , Yifeng Lu , Hanxiao Liu , Quoc V. Le , Denny Zhou , Xinyun Chen

With the widespread application of LLM-based agents across various domains, their complexity has introduced new security threats. Existing red-team methods mostly rely on modifying user prompts, which lack adaptability to new data and may…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Tiehan Cui , Congying Liu , Mingzhe Xing , Datao You