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Foundation models have achieved remarkable success, yet their growing parameter counts pose significant computational and memory challenges. Low-rank factorization offers a promising route to reduce training and inference costs, but the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Paul Janson , Edouard Oyallon , Eugene Belilovsky

Column matching is a central task in reconciling schemas for data integration. Column names and descriptions are valuable for this task. LLMs can leverage such natural-language schema metadata. However, in many datasets, correct matching…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Houming Chen , Zhe Zhang , H. V. Jagadish

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

In this paper, we introduce a novel weighted co-training approach that is guided by Large Language Models (LLMs). Namely, in our co-training approach, we use LLM labels on unlabeled data as target labels and co-train two encoder-only based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Md Mezbaur Rahman , Cornelia Caragea

Continual learning necessitates the continual adaptation of models to newly emerging tasks while minimizing the catastrophic forgetting of old ones. This is extremely challenging for large language models (LLMs) with vanilla full-parameter…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Zheni Zeng , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Tao Yang

Humans can perform previously unexperienced interactions with novel objects simply by observing others engage with them. Weakly-supervised affordance grounding mimics this process by learning to locate object regions that enable actions on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Jiajin Tang , Zhengxuan Wei , Ge Zheng , Sibei Yang

Weak-to-strong generalization provides a promising paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) by training stronger models on samples from aligned weaker ones, without requiring human feedback or explicit reward modeling. However, its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Houcheng Jiang , Junfeng Fang , Jiaxin Wu , Tianyu Zhang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Yang Deng

Realignment is a promising strategy to improve cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models. However, empirical results are mixed and often unreliable, particularly for typologically distant or low-resource languages (LRLs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Quang Phuoc Nguyen , David Anugraha , Felix Gaschi , Jun Bin Cheng , En-Shiun Annie Lee

Continual Learning (CL) enables machine learning models to learn from continuously shifting new training data in absence of data from old tasks. Recently, pretrained vision transformers combined with prompt tuning have shown promise for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-01 Anurag Roy , Riddhiman Moulick , Vinay K. Verma , Saptarshi Ghosh , Abir Das

Large language models (LLMs) possess vast knowledge acquired from extensive training corpora, but they often cannot remove specific pieces of information when needed, which makes it hard to handle privacy, bias mitigation, and knowledge…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Yezi Liu , Hanning Chen , Wenjun Huang , Yang Ni , Mohsen Imani

Typically, spoken language understanding (SLU) models are trained on annotated data which are costly to gather. Aiming to reduce data needs for bootstrapping a SLU system for a new language, we present a simple but effective weight transfer…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-04-04 Quynh Ngoc Thi Do , Judith Gaspers

Concept-based explanations work by mapping complex model computations to human-understandable concepts. Evaluating such explanations is very difficult, as it includes not only the quality of the induced space of possible concepts but also…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Antonin Poché , Alon Jacovi , Agustin Martin Picard , Victor Boutin , Fanny Jourdan

Humans are accustomed to reading and writing in a forward manner, and this natural bias extends to text understanding in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates whether LLMs, like humans, struggle with reverse…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Sicheng Yu , Yuanchen Xu , Cunxiao Du , Yanying Zhou , Minghui Qiu , Qianru Sun , Hao Zhang , Jiawei Wu

Memory pressure has emerged as a dominant constraint in scaling the training of large language models (LLMs), particularly in resource-constrained environments. While modern frameworks incorporate various memory-saving techniques, they…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Hanmei Yang , Jin Zhou , Yao Fu , Xiaoqun Wang , Ramine Roane , Hui Guan , Tongping Liu

The burgeoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have underscored the need for alignment to ensure these models act in accordance with human values and intentions. Existing alignment frameworks present constraints either in the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-28 Leitian Tao , Yixuan Li

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and foundational models have shown promise for real-life applications in critical, albeit compute-constrainted fields like healthcare. In such areas, combining…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Georgios Margaritis , Periklis Petridis , Dimitris J. Bertsimas

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have rapidly advanced by leveraging powerful pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) as core reasoning backbones. As new and more capable LLMs emerge with improved reasoning, instruction-following, and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Sameera Horawalavithana , Lauren Phillips , Ian Stewart , Sai Munikoti , Karl Pazdernik

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi