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Understanding how information propagates through Transformer models is a key challenge for interpretability. In this work, we study the effects of minimal token perturbations on the embedding space. In our experiments, we analyze the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Eddie Conti , Alejandro Astruc , Alvaro Parafita , Axel Brando

Large-scale transformer models have shown remarkable performance in language modelling tasks. However, such models feature billions of parameters, leading to difficulties in their deployment and prohibitive training costs from scratch. To…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Viktoriia Chekalina , Georgii Novikov , Julia Gusak , Ivan Oseledets , Alexander Panchenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing, and a precise understanding of the internal mechanisms driving their success is essential. In this work, we analyze the trajectories of token…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Murdock Aubry , Haoming Meng , Anton Sugolov , Vardan Papyan

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance but incur high deployment costs, motivating extremely low-bit but lossy quantization. Existing quantization algorithms mainly focus on improving the numerical accuracy of forward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuxuan Li , Pengzhan Li , Wanxiang Che

Deep learning (DL) models based on the transformer architecture have revolutionized many DL applications such as large language models (LLMs), vision transformers, audio generation, and time series prediction. Much of this progress has been…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Quentin Anthony , Benjamin Michalowicz , Jacob Hatef , Lang Xu , Mustafa Abduljabbar , Aamir Shafi , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar Panda

This paper introduces a novel model compression approach through dynamic layer-specific pruning in Large Language Models (LLMs), enhancing the traditional methodology established by SliceGPT. By transitioning from constant to dynamic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-07 Razvan-Gabriel Dumitru , Paul-Ioan Clotan , Vikas Yadav , Darius Peteleaza , Mihai Surdeanu

We train Transformer-based language models on ten foundational algorithmic tasks and observe pronounced phase transitions in their loss curves that deviate from established power-law scaling trends. Over large ranges of compute, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Prudhviraj Naidu , Zixian Wang , Leon Bergen , Ramamohan Paturi

In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for content safety and prompt injection classification for Large Language Models. Our technique, Layer Enhanced Classification (LEC), trains a Penalized Logistic Regression (PLR) classifier on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Mason Sawtell , Tula Masterman , Sandi Besen , Jim Brown

Overparameterized transformer networks have obtained state of the art results in various natural language processing tasks, such as machine translation, language modeling, and question answering. These models contain hundreds of millions of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-26 Angela Fan , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin

Transformers deliver outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and are now a dominant backbone architecture for large language models (LLMs). Their task-solving performance is improved by increasing parameter size, as shown in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Ying Zhang , Jingun Kwon , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Manabu Okumura , Taro Watanabe

Fine-tuning pre-trained transformers is a powerful technique for enhancing the performance of base models on specific tasks. From early applications in models like BERT to fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), this approach has been…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Suneel Nadipalli

State-of-the-art language models are becoming increasingly large in an effort to achieve the highest performance on large corpora of available textual data. However, the sheer size of the Transformer architectures makes it difficult to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-22 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yuki M. Asano , Tijmen Blankevoort

Embedding layers in transformer-based NLP models typically account for the largest share of model parameters, scaling with vocabulary size but not yielding performance gains proportional to scale. We propose an alternative approach in which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Henry Ndubuaku , Mouad Talhi

Transformer-based architectures have been the subject of research aimed at understanding their overparameterization and the non-uniform importance of their layers. Applying these approaches to Automatic Speech Recognition, we demonstrate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-07 Lillian Zhou , Dhruv Guliani , Andreas Kabel , Giovanni Motta , Françoise Beaufays

A widely cited result by Dong et al. (2021) showed that Transformers built from self-attention alone, without skip connections or feed-forward layers, suffer from rapid rank collapse: all token representations converge to a single…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Giansalvo Cirrincione

Stacking non-linear layers allows deep neural networks to model complicated functions, and including residual connections in Transformer layers is beneficial for convergence and performance. However, residual connections may make the model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-05 Hongfei Xu , Yang Song , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

As large language models continue to scale, their growing computational and storage demands pose significant challenges for real-world deployment. In this work, we investigate redundancy within Transformer-based models and propose an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Liangwei Yang , Yuhui Xu , Juntao Tan , Doyen Sahoo , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang , Shelby Heinecke

Despite their impressive performance, contemporary neural networks often lack structural safeguards that promote stable learning and interpretable behavior. In this work, we introduce a reformulation of layer-level transformations that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

Data is said to follow the transform (or analysis) sparsity model if it becomes sparse when acted on by a linear operator called a sparsifying transform. Several algorithms have been designed to learn such a transform directly from data,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-01-30 Luke Pfister , Yoram Bresler

Scaling autoregressive large language models (LLMs) has driven unprecedented progress but comes with vast computational costs. In this work, we tackle these costs by leveraging unstructured sparsity within an LLM's feedforward layers, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Edoardo Cetin , Stefano Peluchetti , Emilio Castillo , Akira Naruse , Mana Murakami , Llion Jones