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Despite their widespread use, large language models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate incorrect information and be poorly calibrated. This makes the uncertainty quantification of these models of critical importance, especially in high-stakes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Colin Samplawski , Adam D. Cobb , Manoj Acharya , Ramneet Kaur , Susmit Jha

This paper introduces Bayesian uncertainty modeling using Stochastic Weight Averaging-Gaussian (SWAG) in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. We apply the approach to standard tasks in natural language inference (NLI) and demonstrate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-11 Aarne Talman , Hande Celikkanat , Sami Virpioja , Markus Heinonen , Jörg Tiedemann

Large Language Models usually put more emphasis on accuracy and therefore, will guess even when not certain about the prediction, which is especially severe when fine-tuned on small datasets due to the inherent tendency toward…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Moule Lin , Shuhao Guan , Andrea Patane , David Gregg , Goetz Botterweck

We propose SWA-Gaussian (SWAG), a simple, scalable, and general purpose approach for uncertainty representation and calibration in deep learning. Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA), which computes the first moment of stochastic gradient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-01 Wesley Maddox , Timur Garipov , Pavel Izmailov , Dmitry Vetrov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a new paradigm for cost-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, fine-tuned LLMs often become overconfident especially when fine-tuned on small datasets. Bayesian methods,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-07 Adam X. Yang , Maxime Robeyns , Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large models by decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices, significantly reducing storage and computational overhead. While effective, standard LoRA lacks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Viktar Dubovik , Patryk Marszałek , Jacek Tabor , Tomasz Kuśmierczyk

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models by decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices, significantly reducing storage and computational overhead. While effective, standard LoRA…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Patryk Marszałek , Klaudia Bałazy , Jacek Tabor , Tomasz Kuśmierczyk

Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from overconfidence during inference, particularly when adapted to downstream domain-specific tasks with limited data. Previous work addresses this issue by employing approximate Bayesian estimation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Yibin Wang , Haizhou Shi , Ligong Han , Dimitris Metaxas , Hao Wang

Adapting large pre-trained language models to downstream tasks often entails fine-tuning millions of parameters or deploying costly dense weight updates, which hinders their use in resource-constrained environments. Low-rank Adaptation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Longteng Zhang , Sen Wu , Shuai Hou , Zhengyu Qing , Zhuo Zheng , Danning Ke , Qihong Lin , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Despite the efficacy of network sparsity in alleviating the deployment strain of Large Language Models (LLMs), it endures significant performance degradation. Applying Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to fine-tune the sparse LLMs offers an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Yang Liu , Jing Lin , Yiwu Yao , Rongrong Ji

This paper introduces Bayesian Hierarchical Low-Rank Adaption (BoRA), a novel method for finetuning multi-task Large Language Models (LLMs). Current finetuning approaches, such as Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA), perform exeptionally well in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Simen Eide , Arnoldo Frigessi

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

This research paper investigates the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare, specifically focusing on enhancing medical decision support through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with hospital-specific data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Mohammad Shoaib Ansari , Mohd Sohail Ali Khan , Shubham Revankar , Aditya Varma , Anil S. Mokhade

Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have driven advances in natural language processing. Still, their growing scale has increased the computational burden, necessitating a balance between efficiency and performance. Low-rank…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Yixin Ji , Yang Xiang , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Zi Ye , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) have revolutionized the finetuning of large foundation models, enabling efficient adaptation even with limited computational resources. The resulting proliferation of LoRAs presents exciting opportunities for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Theo Putterman , Derek Lim , Yoav Gelberg , Stefanie Jegelka , Haggai Maron

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the standard for fine-tuning large pre-trained models at reduced computational cost. However, its low-rank point-estimate updates limit expressiveness, leave a persistent gap relative to full…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Dario Coscia , Sindy Löwe , Max Welling
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