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With the skyrocketing costs of GPUs and their virtual instances in the cloud, there is a significant desire to use CPUs for large language model (LLM) inference. KV cache update, often implemented as allocation, copying, and in-place…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Arun Ramachandran , Ramaswamy Govindarajan , Murali Annavaram , Prakash Raghavendra , Hossein Entezari Zarch , Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang

The auto-regressive decoding of Large Language Models (LLMs) results in significant overheads in their hardware performance. While recent research has investigated various speculative decoding techniques for multi-token generation, these…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed on edge devices for long-context settings, creating a growing need for fast and efficient long-context inference. In these scenarios, the Key-Value (KV) cache is the primary…

LLMs have low GPU efficiency and high latency due to autoregressive decoding. Speculative decoding (SD) mitigates this using a small draft model to speculatively generate multiple tokens, which are then verified in parallel by a target…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Sungkyun Kim , Jaemin Kim , Dogyung Yoon , Jiho Shin , Junyeol Lee , Jiwon Seo

Low-latency decoding for large language models (LLMs) is crucial for applications like chatbots and code assistants, yet generating long outputs remains slow in single-query settings. Prior work on speculative decoding (which combines a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Ziyi Zhang , Ziheng Jiang , Chengquan Jiang , Menghan Yu , Size Zheng , Haibin Lin , Henry Hoffmann , Xin Liu

As the usage of large language models (LLMs) grows, performing efficient inference with these models becomes increasingly important. While speculative decoding has recently emerged as a promising direction for speeding up inference,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Zhuoming Chen , Avner May , Ruslan Svirschevski , Yuhsun Huang , Max Ryabinin , Zhihao Jia , Beidi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their widespread application is hindered by the resource-intensive decoding process. To address this challenge, current approaches have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-19 Ziqian Zeng , Jiahong Yu , Qianshi Pang , Zihao Wang , Huiping Zhuang , Hongen Shao , Xiaofeng Zou

Inference from large autoregressive models like Transformers is slow - decoding K tokens takes K serial runs of the model. In this work we introduce speculative decoding - an algorithm to sample from autoregressive models faster without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-22 Yaniv Leviathan , Matan Kalman , Yossi Matias

Speculative decoding accelerates memory-bound LLM inference without quality degradation by using a fast drafter to propose multiple candidate tokens and the target model to verify them in parallel. However, conventional sequential…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Yaojie Zhang , Jianuo Huang , Junlong Ke , Yuhang Han , Yongji Long , Tianchen Zhao , Biqing Qi , Linfeng Zhang

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but require inherently sequential decoding, leading to high inference latency and poor GPU utilization. Speculative decoding mitigates this bottleneck by using a fast…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jian Chen , Yesheng Liang , Zhijian Liu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Large language model (LLM) decoding suffers from high latency due to fragmented execution across operators and heavy reliance on off-chip memory for data exchange and reduction. This execution model limits opportunities for fusion and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Xinhao Luo , Zihan Liu , Yangjie Zhou , Shihan Fang , Ziyu Huang , Yu Feng , Chen Zhang , Shixuan Sun , Zhenzhe Zheng , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

The growing demand for on-device large language model (LLM) inference highlights the need for efficient mobile edge computing (MEC) solutions, especially in resource-constrained settings. Speculative decoding offers a promising solution by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Jungyeon Koh , Hyun Jong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks, but their deployment in datacenter environments faces significant challenges due to the massive memory requirements of key-value (KV) caches. During the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized code generation tasks across various programming languages. However, the unique characteristics of programming languages, particularly those like Verilog with specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Changran Xu , Yi Liu , Yunhao Zhou , Shan Huang , Ningyi Xu , Qiang Xu

Inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) across computer clusters has become a focal point of research in recent times, with many acceleration techniques taking inspiration from CPU speculative execution. These techniques reduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Branden Butler , Sixing Yu , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

We present Recurrent Drafter (ReDrafter), an advanced speculative decoding approach that achieves state-of-the-art speedup for large language models (LLMs) inference. The performance gains are driven by three key aspects: (1) leveraging a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Yunfei Cheng , Aonan Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Chong Wang , Yi Wang

Large language models and large multimodal models (LLMs and LMMs) deliver strong generative performance but suffer from slow decoding, a problem that becomes more severe when handling visual inputs, whose sequences typically contain many…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Zihua Wang , Ruibo Li , Haozhe Du , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Yu Zhang , Xu Yang

Speculative Decoding (SD) is a recently proposed technique for faster inference using Large Language Models (LLMs). SD operates by using a smaller draft LLM for autoregressively generating a sequence of tokens and a larger target LLM for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

Speculative decoding is a pivotal technique to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a smaller draft model to predict the target model's outputs. However, its efficacy can be limited due to the low predictive…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Xiaoxuan Liu , Lanxiang Hu , Peter Bailis , Alvin Cheung , Zhijie Deng , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang