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Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce explanations that do not faithfully reflect the factors driving their predictions. In healthcare settings, such unfaithfulness is especially problematic: explanations that omit salient clinical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Teague McMillan , Gabriele Dominici , Martin Gjoreski , Marc Langheinrich

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are outputs that are syntactically coherent but factually incorrect or contextually inconsistent. They are persistent obstacles in high-stakes industrial settings such as engineering design,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Brian Freeman , Adam Kicklighter , Matt Erdman , Zach Gordon

Despite their widespread use in fact-checking, moderation, and high-stakes decision-making, large language models (LLMs) remain poorly understood as judges of truth. This study presents the largest evaluation to date of LLMs' veracity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Emilio Barkett , Olivia Long , Madhavendra Thakur

Model checking is essential to evaluate the adequacy of statistical models and the validity of inferences drawn from them. Particularly, hierarchical models such as latent Gaussian models (LGMs) pose unique challenges as it is difficult to…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-07-25 Rafael Cabral , David Bolin , Håvard Rue

In this paper, we test the hypothesis that although OpenAI's GPT-4 performs well generally, we can fine-tune open-source models to outperform GPT-4 in smart contract vulnerability detection. We fine-tune two models from Meta's Code Llama…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Peter Ince , Xiapu Luo , Jiangshan Yu , Joseph K. Liu , Xiaoning Du

The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 PIerre Dantas , Lucas Cordeiro , Youcheng Sun , Waldir Junior

In an era where large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into a wide range of everyday applications, research into these models' behavior has surged. However, due to the novelty of the field, clear methodological guidelines…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Laurène Vaugrante , Mathias Niepert , Thilo Hagendorff

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including code development, robotics, finance, and education, due to their extensive prior knowledge and rapid advancements. This paper investigates how LLMs…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Liangliang Chen , Zhihao Qin , Yiming Guo , Jacqueline Rohde , Ying Zhang

Reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential when employing large language models (LLMs) in high-risk domains such as clinical question answering (QA). In this work, we evaluate uncertainty estimation methods for clinical QA…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Alberto Testoni , Iacer Calixto

LLMs are an integral component of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. While many studies focus on evaluating the overall quality of end-to-end RAG systems, there is a gap in understanding the appropriateness of LLMs for the RAG…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-25 Maojia Song , Shang Hong Sim , Rishabh Bhardwaj , Hai Leong Chieu , Navonil Majumder , Soujanya Poria

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 are capable of generating highly fluent responses to a wide variety of user prompts. However, LLMs are known to hallucinate facts and make non-factual statements which can undermine…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-12 Potsawee Manakul , Adian Liusie , Mark J. F. Gales

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in content generation, coding, and common-sense reasoning has spurred widespread integration into many facets of society. However, integration of LLMs raises valid questions on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Ola Shorinwa , Zhiting Mei , Justin Lidard , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their reliability under small, meaning-preserving input changes remains poorly understood. We present the first large-scale, systematic study of VLM robustness to benign…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Amir Rosenfeld , Neta Glazer , Ethan Fetaya

Abstention Ability (AA) is a critical aspect of Large Language Model (LLM) reliability, referring to an LLM's capability to withhold responses when uncertain or lacking a definitive answer, without compromising performance. Although…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Nishanth Madhusudhan , Sathwik Tejaswi Madhusudhan , Vikas Yadav , Masoud Hashemi

As large language models (LLMs) move from research prototypes to enterprise systems, their security vulnerabilities pose serious risks to data privacy and system integrity. This study benchmarks various Llama model variants against the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Nourin Shahin , Izzat Alsmadi

Tool learning has generated widespread interest as a vital means of interaction between Large Language Models (LLMs) and the physical world. Current research predominantly emphasizes LLMs' capacity to utilize tools in well-structured…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Sixian Li , Guanyu Li , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

The rapid progress in open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) is significantly driving AI development forward. However, there is still a limited understanding of their trustworthiness. Deploying these models at scale without sufficient…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-03 Lingbo Mo , Boshi Wang , Muhao Chen , Huan Sun

Exceptional mathematical reasoning ability is one of the key features that demonstrate the power of large language models (LLMs). How to comprehensively define and evaluate the mathematical abilities of LLMs, and even reflect the user…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zihao Zhou , Shudong Liu , Maizhen Ning , Wei Liu , Jindong Wang , Derek F. Wong , Xiaowei Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) require robust confidence estimation, particularly in critical domains like healthcare and law where unreliable outputs can lead to significant consequences. Despite much recent work in confidence estimation,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Xiaoou Liu , Zhen Lin , Longchao Da , Chacha Chen , Shubhendu Trivedi , Hua Wei
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