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This paper aims to help structure the risk landscape associated with large-scale Language Models (LMs). In order to foster advances in responsible innovation, an in-depth understanding of the potential risks posed by these models is needed.…

In recent years, Large Language Models have attracted growing interest for their significant potential, though concerns have rapidly emerged regarding unsafe behaviors stemming from inherent stereotypes and biases. Most research on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Akito Nakanishi , Yukie Sano , Geng Liu , Francesco Pierri

This study explores real-world human interactions with large language models (LLMs) in diverse, unconstrained settings in contrast to most prior research focusing on ethically trimmed models like ChatGPT for specific tasks. We aim to…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Arianna Casanova Flores , Anne-Catherine Kranz

Large language models (LLMs) have strong capabilities in solving diverse natural language processing tasks. However, the safety and security issues of LLM systems have become the major obstacle to their widespread application. Many studies…

Various deep learning-based approaches utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been proposed for automated vulnerability detection. With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), several studies have begun exploring…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Junji Yu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a major step toward artificial general intelligence, significantly advancing our ability to interact with technology. While LLMs perform well on Natural Language Processing tasks -- such as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Brandon Smith , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Phillip Dawson , Sunil Aryal

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

Language models (LMs) can reproduce (or amplify) toxic language seen during training, which poses a risk to their practical application. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to study this phenomenon. We analyze the impact of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-08 Canwen Xu , Zexue He , Zhankui He , Julian McAuley

The widespread of generative artificial intelligence has heightened concerns about the potential harms posed by AI-generated texts, primarily stemming from factoid, unfair, and toxic content. Previous researchers have invested much effort…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Shiyao Cui , Zhenyu Zhang , Yilong Chen , Wenyuan Zhang , Tianyun Liu , Siqi Wang , Tingwen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual, real-world applications with user inputs -- naturally introducing \emph{typographical errors} (typos). Yet most benchmarks assume clean input, leaving the robustness of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Raoyuan Zhao , Yihong Liu , Lena Altinger , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing; however, their safety mechanisms remain under-explored in low-resource, multilingual settings. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. In particular, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Yujia Hu , Ming Shan Hee , Preslav Nakov , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a broad spectrum of tasks. They have attracted significant attention and been deployed in numerous downstream applications. Nevertheless, akin to a double-edged…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-28 Zishan Guo , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Yufei Huang , Dan Shi , Supryadi , Linhao Yu , Yan Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Bojian Xiong , Deyi Xiong

The common toxicity and societal bias in contents generated by large language models (LLMs) necessitate strategies to reduce harm. Present solutions often demand white-box access to the model or substantial training, which is impractical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Rongwu Xu , Zi'an Zhou , Tianwei Zhang , Zehan Qi , Su Yao , Ke Xu , Wei Xu , Han Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, thus it is important to understand their risks and limitations. Smaller LLMs can be deployed where compute resources are constrained, such as edge devices, but with different propensity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Berk Atil , Vipul Gupta , Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity due to their ability to perform a wide array of natural language tasks. Text-based content moderation is one LLM use case that has received recent enthusiasm, however, there is little…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-01-18 Deepak Kumar , Yousef AbuHashem , Zakir Durumeric

Large language models (LLMs) are now deployed at unprecedented scale, assisting millions of users in daily tasks. However, the risk of these models assisting unlawful activities remains underexplored. In this study, we define this high-risk…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Xing Wang , Huiyuan Xie , Yiyan Wang , Chaojun Xiao , Huimin Chen , Holli Sargeant , Felix Steffek , Jie Shao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Identifying offensive language is essential for maintaining safety and sustainability in the social media era. Though large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated encouraging potential in social media analytics, they lack thorough…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Jianfei He , Lilin Wang , Jiaying Wang , Zhenyu Liu , Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen

Without proper safeguards, large language models will readily follow malicious instructions and generate toxic content. This risk motivates safety efforts such as red-teaming and large-scale feedback learning, which aim to make models both…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Paul Röttger , Hannah Rose Kirk , Bertie Vidgen , Giuseppe Attanasio , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in intelligent systems that perform reasoning, summarization, and code generation. Their ability to follow natural-language instructions, while powerful, also makes them vulnerable to a new…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl