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The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to performance saturation on many established benchmarks, questioning their ability to distinguish frontier models. Concurrently, existing high-difficulty benchmarks often suffer…

The grading of open-ended questions is a high-effort, high-impact task in education. Automating this task promises a significant reduction in workload for education professionals, as well as more consistent grading outcomes for students, by…

Automated short answer grading (ASAG) has gained attention in education as a means to scale educational tasks to the growing number of students. Recent progress in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning has largely influenced the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-08 Stefan Haller , Adina Aldea , Christin Seifert , Nicola Strisciuglio

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) have been remarkably competent in various NLP tasks. However, it was observed by previous works that retrieval is not always helpful, especially when the LLM is already knowledgeable on the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Chengkai Huang , Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Kaige Xie , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks by integrating the strengths of large language models (LLMs) and external knowledge databases. However, RAG introduces long…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-04-26 Chao Jin , Zili Zhang , Xuanlin Jiang , Fangyue Liu , Xin Liu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in leveraging extensive external knowledge to enhance responses in multi-turn and agentic applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, processing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Xiaoqiang Lin , Aritra Ghosh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vijai Mohan

Large language models like ChatGPT are increasingly used in classrooms, but they often provide outdated or fabricated information that can mislead students. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of LLMs by grounding…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Amay Jain , Liu Cui , Si Chen

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automate student assessment in education. Among different types of assessments, summative assessments play a crucial role in evaluating a student's…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Dishank Aggarwal , Pritam Sil , Bhaskaran Raman , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Large language models (LLMs) enable rapid and consistent automated evaluation of open-ended exam responses, including dimensions of content and argumentation that have traditionally required human judgment. This is particularly important in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-26 Andres Karjus , Kais Allkivi , Silvia Maine , Katarin Leppik , Krister Kruusmaa , Merilin Aruvee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have been widely adopted in contemporary large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to improve generation quality while reducing the required input context length. In this work, we focus…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Tianyi Zhang , Andreas Marfurt

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Knowing that the generative capabilities of large language models (LLM) are sometimes hampered by tendencies to hallucinate or create non-factual responses, researchers have increasingly focused on methods to ground generated outputs in…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Sonal Prabhune , Donald J. Berndt

With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Natural Language Processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in educational question-answering systems, especially university admission chatbots.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Long Nguyen , Tho Quan

Natural Language Processing and Generation systems have recently shown the potential to complement and streamline the costly and time-consuming job of professional fact-checkers. In this work, we lift several constraints of current…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Daniel Russo , Stefano Menini , Jacopo Staiano , Marco Guerini

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on general NLP tasks, but they may fall short for domain-specific problems. Recently, various Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RALLMs) are proposed to address this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Shangqing Tu , Yuanchun Wang , Jifan Yu , Yuyang Xie , Yaran Shi , Xiaozhi Wang , Jing Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

The course forums are increasingly significant and play vital role in facilitating student discussions and answering their questions related to the course. It provides a platform for students to post their questions related to the content…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Neo Wang , Sonit Singh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

The field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) suffers from a severe shortage of labeled data due to the extremely expensive and time-consuming process involved in manual annotation. A natural approach for coping with this problem is active…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Yotam Perlitz , Ariel Gera , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Dafna Sheinwald , Noam Slonim , Liat Ein-Dor

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated and sometimes trained using automated graders such as LLM-as-judges that output scalar scores or preferences. While convenient, these approaches are often opaque: a single score rarely…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Kaustubh D. Dhole , Eugene Agichtein