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This, with the ever-increasing sophistication of cyberwar, calls for novel solutions. In this regard, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a highly promising tool for defensive and offensive cybersecurity-related strategies. While…

Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

With AI-based software becoming widely available, the risk of exploiting its capabilities, such as high automation and complex pattern recognition, could significantly increase. An AI used offensively to attack non-AI assets is referred to…

Dirbusting is a technique used to brute force directories and file names on web servers while monitoring HTTP responses, in order to enumerate server contents. Such a technique uses lists of common words to discover the hidden structure of…

Adversarial attacks have shown the vulnerability of machine learning models, however, it is non-trivial to conduct textual adversarial attacks on natural language processing tasks due to the discreteness of data. Most previous approaches…

Due to the increasing sophistication of web attacks, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have to be tested and updated regularly to resist the relentless flow of web attacks. In practice, using a brute-force attack to discover vulnerabilities…

Autonomous browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate web-based tasks. However, their reliance on dynamic content, tool execution, and user-provided data exposes them to a broad attack surface.…

The prospect of artificial intelligence (AI) competing in the adversarial landscape of cyber security has long been considered one of the most impactful, challenging, and potentially dangerous applications of AI. Here, we demonstrate a new…

Penetration testing is essential to securing modern web infrastructures, yet traditional manual methods struggle to keep pace with their scale and complexity. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for automating these tasks,…

Our work targets at searching feasible adversarial perturbation to attack a classifier with high-dimensional categorical inputs in a domain-agnostic setting. This is intrinsically an NP-hard knapsack problem where the exploration space…

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prolonged, stealthy intrusions by skilled adversaries that compromise high-value systems to steal data or disrupt operations. Reconstructing complete attack chains from massive, heterogeneous logs is…

As the Windows OS stands out as one of the most targeted systems, the PowerShell language has become a key tool for malicious actors and cybersecurity professionals (e.g., for penetration testing). This work explores an uncharted domain in…

In the vast domain of cybersecurity, the transition from reactive defense to offensive has become critical in protecting digital infrastructures. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into offensive…

Backdoor attacks represent a subtle yet effective class of cyberattacks targeting AI models, primarily due to their stealthy nature. The model behaves normally on clean data but exhibits malicious behavior only when the attacker embeds a…

Vision-language models (VLMs) (e.g. CLIP, LLaVA) are trained on large-scale, lightly curated web datasets, leading them to learn unintended correlations between semantic concepts and unrelated visual signals. These associations degrade…

Machine learning has been applied to a broad range of applications and some of them are available online as application programming interfaces (APIs) with either free (trial) or paid subscriptions. In this paper, we study adversarial…

With web applications becoming a preferred method of presenting graphical user interfaces to users, software vulnerabilities affecting web applications are becoming more and more prevalent and devastating. Some of these vulnerabilities,…

Modern web applications are dominated by HTTP/HTTPS messages that consist of one or more headers, where most of the exploits and payloads can be injected by attackers. According to the OWASP, the 80 percent of the web attacks are done…

The use of large language models (LLMs) in peer review systems has attracted growing attention, making it essential to examine their potential vulnerabilities. Prior attacks rely on prompt injection, which alters manuscript content and…

Prompt-based learning is a new language model training paradigm that adapts the Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to downstream tasks, which revitalizes the performance benchmarks across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks.…