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The Transformer architecture has revolutionized deep learning on sequential data, becoming ubiquitous in state-of-the-art solutions for a wide variety of applications. Yet vanilla Transformers are notoriously resource-expensive, requiring…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-22 Valerii Likhosherstov , Krzysztof Choromanski , Jared Davis , Xingyou Song , Adrian Weller

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional multi-modal capabilities, the quadratic computational cost of processing high-resolution visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck. Though recent token reduction…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

The Transformer is an extremely powerful and prominent deep learning architecture. In this work, we challenge the commonly held belief in deep learning that going deeper is better, and show an alternative design approach that is building…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-10 Jason Ross Brown , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert D Mullins

Deploying long-context large language models (LLMs) is essential but poses significant computational and memory challenges. Caching all Key and Value (KV) states across all attention heads consumes substantial memory. Existing KV cache…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Jingwei Zuo , Junxian Guo , Shang Yang , Haotian Tang , Yao Fu , Song Han

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However their huge model size and the consequent demand for computational and memory resources also pose challenges to model deployment. Currently, 4-bit…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-08 Jiayi Pan , Chengcan Wang , Kaifu Zheng , Yangguang Li , Zhenyu Wang , Bin Feng

The current large language models are mainly based on decode-only structure transformers, which have great in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. It is generally believed that the important foundation of its ICL capability is the induction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Mingyu Xu , Wei Cheng , Bingning Wang , Weipeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally altered how we approach scaling in machine learning. However, these models pose substantial computational and memory challenges, primarily due to the reliance on matrix multiplication (MatMul)…

Edge acceleration for large language models is crucial for their widespread application; however, achieving fast attention inference and efficient decoding on resource-constrained edge accelerators remains challenging. This paper presents…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Junming Zhang , Qinyan Zhang , Huajun Sun , Feiyang Gao , Sheng Hu , Rui Nie , Xiangshui Miao

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely heavily on intensive matrix multiplications for attention and feed-forward layers, with the Q, K, and V linear projections in the Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHA) module constituting a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Richie Li , Sicheng Chen

It is notoriously difficult to train Transformers on small datasets; typically, large pre-trained models are instead used as the starting point. We explore the weights of such pre-trained Transformers (particularly for vision) to attempt to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-18 Asher Trockman , J. Zico Kolter

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is plagued by long training times and massive energy consumption, with modern models requiring months of computation and gigawatt-hours of electricity. In light of these challenges,we introduce…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Nii Osae Osae Dade , Moinul Hossain Rahat

Serving transformer language models with high throughput requires caching Key-Values (KVs) to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive generation. The memory footprint of KV caching is significant and heavily impacts serving costs.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Anastasiia Filippova , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , João Monteiro

The increasing input sequence length in Large Language Models (LLMs) puts significant pressure on key-value (KV) cache storage, making efficient inference challenging. Explicitly distinguishing attention behavior into our self-defined…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-25 Mengjie Li , William J. Song

Vision Transformers have made remarkable progress in recent years, achieving state-of-the-art performance in most vision tasks. A key component of this success is due to the introduction of the Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) module, which…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Tianxiao Zhang , Bo Luo , Guanghui Wang

Transformers have reshaped machine learning by utilizing attention mechanisms to capture complex patterns in large datasets, leading to significant improvements in performance. This success has contributed to the belief that "bigger means…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney , Simon Lucey

Long chain-of-thought reasoning and agentic tool-calling produce traces spanning tens of thousands of tokens, yet Transformer KV caches grow linearly with sequence length, creating a memory bottleneck on commodity hardware. State-space…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Anupama Sridhar , Alexander Johansen

Multi-head self-attention (MHSA) is a key building block in modern vision Transformers, yet its quadratic complexity in the number of tokens remains a major bottleneck for real-time and resource-constrained deployment. We present…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-06 Srinivasan Kidambi , Karthik Palaniappan , Pravin Nair

Optimal AP clustering and power allocation are critical in user-centric cell-free massive MIMO systems. Existing deep learning models lack flexibility to handle dynamic network configurations. Furthermore, many approaches overlook pilot…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-03 Irched Chafaa , Giacomo Bacci , Luca Sanguinetti

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique to reduce the cost of large language models (LLMs). Specifically, PTQ can effectively mitigate memory consumption and reduce computational overhead in LLMs. To meet the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Shiyao Li , Xuefei Ning , Luning Wang , Tengxuan Liu , Xiangsheng Shi , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

The increasing size of the Key-Value (KV) cache during the Large Language Models long-context inference is the main obstacle for its balance between the deployment cost and task accuracy. To reduce the KV cache size in such scenarios, most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Manlai Liang , JiaMing Zhang , Xiong Li , Jinlong Li