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Despite strong performance in data-rich regimes, deep learning often underperforms in the data-scarce settings common in practice. While foundation models (FMs) trained on massive datasets demonstrate strong generalization by extracting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Jaesung Bae , Minje Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive few-shot learning capabilities through in-context learning (ICL). However, ICL performance is highly dependent on the choice of few-shot demonstrations, making the selection…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Soumyabrata Pal , Koyel Mukherjee , Dinesh Manocha

Large language models (LLMs) excel at few-shot in-context learning (ICL) -- learning from a few examples provided in context at inference, without any weight updates. Newly expanded context windows allow us to investigate ICL with hundreds…

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings has brought new learning approaches, transforming the practices of both students and educators. Among the various technologies driving this transformation, Large Language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Giorgio Biancini , Alessio Ferrato , Carla Limongelli

Clinical decision support systems require models that are not only highly accurate but also equitable and sensitive to the implications of missed diagnoses. In this study, we introduce a knowledge-guided in-context learning (ICL) framework…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Eugenio di Sciascio

Recent studies have revealed the intriguing few-shot learning ability of pretrained language models (PLMs): They can quickly adapt to a new task when fine-tuned on a small amount of labeled data formulated as prompts, without requiring…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-15 Yu Meng , Martin Michalski , Jiaxin Huang , Yu Zhang , Tarek Abdelzaher , Jiawei Han

Although language models (LMs) have boosted the performance of Question Answering, they still need plenty of data. Data annotation, in contrast, is a time-consuming process. This especially applies to Question Answering, where possibly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-16 Maximilian Schmidt , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Ngoc Thang Vu

In-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) delivers strong few-shot performance by choosing few-shot demonstrations from the entire training data. However, existing ICL methods, which rely on similarity or diversity scores…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Jiarui Jin , Yuwei Wu , Haoxuan Li , Xiaoting He , Weinan Zhang , Yiming Yang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Mengyue Yang

We propose a simple method to generate multilingual question and answer pairs on a large scale through the use of a single generative model. These synthetic samples can be used to improve the zero-shot performance of multilingual QA models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-01 Siamak Shakeri , Noah Constant , Mihir Sanjay Kale , Linting Xue

Generative tasks, such as text generation and question answering, hold a crucial position in the realm of mobile applications. Due to their sensitivity to privacy concerns, there is a growing demand for their execution directly on mobile…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-09-11 Daliang Xu , Wangsong Yin , Xin Jin , Ying Zhang , Shiyun Wei , Mengwei Xu , Xuanzhe Liu

Using tools by Large Language Models (LLMs) is a promising avenue to extend their reach beyond language or conversational settings. The number of tools can scale to thousands as they enable accessing sensory information, fetching updated…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Mohammad Kachuee , Sarthak Ahuja , Vaibhav Kumar , Puyang Xu , Xiaohu Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate synthetic textual data for training smaller specialized models. However, a comparison of various generation strategies for low-resource language settings is lacking. While…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Tatiana Anikina , Jan Cegin , Jakub Simko , Simon Ostermann

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they often lag behind specialized models in various tasks. LLMs only use a fraction of the existing training data for in-context learning, while task-specific models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-02 Giorgos Vernikos , Arthur Bražinskas , Jakub Adamek , Jonathan Mallinson , Aliaksei Severyn , Eric Malmi

Instruction-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in numerous few-shot or zero-shot Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, creating human-annotated instruction data is time-consuming, expensive, and often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Aniruddha Roy , Pretam Ray , Abhilash Nandy , Somak Aditya , Pawan Goyal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in the field of natural language processing. However, their increasing size poses challenges in terms of computational cost. On the other hand, Small Language Models (SLMs) are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-03 Zhen Guo , Peiqi Wang , Yanwei Wang , Shangdi Yu

Cross-lingual open-ended generation - responding in a language different from that of the query - is an important yet understudied problem. This work proposes XL-Instruct, a novel technique for generating high-quality synthetic data, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Vivek Iyer , Pinzhen Chen , Ricardo Rei , Alexandra Birch

This research presents a novel framework for translating extractive question-answering datasets into low-resource languages, as demonstrated by the creation of the AmaSQuAD dataset, a translation of SQuAD 2.0 into Amharic. The methodology…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Nebiyou Daniel Hailemariam , Blessed Guda , Tsegazeab Tefferi

In-context learning (ICL), teaching a large language model (LLM) to perform a task with few-shot demonstrations rather than adjusting the model parameters, has emerged as a strong paradigm for using LLMs. While early studies primarily used…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-24 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Zhuyun Dai , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi , Chitta Baral , Vaiva Imbrasaite , Vincent Y Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but still struggle with non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper addresses the critical challenge of improving multilingual performance without extensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Tanuja Ganu , Akshay Nambi

Large Language Model (LLM) has gained popularity and achieved remarkable results in open-domain tasks, but its performance in real industrial domain-specific scenarios is average due to its lack of specific domain knowledge. This issue has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Zezhong Wang , Lu Wang , Jue Zhang , Mohit Garg , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang