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Modern weather and climate models share a common heritage, and often even components, however they are used in different ways to answer fundamentally different questions. As such, attempts to emulate them using machine learning should…

The accessibility of spatially distributed data, enabled by affordable sensors, field, and numerical experiments, has facilitated the development of data-driven solutions for scientific problems, including climate change, weather…

We present a hybrid quantum-classical framework for solving general time-dependent parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) using quantum variational circuits. Building on the QPINN approach, this method applies broadly to parabolic…

Climate models are generally calibrated manually by comparing selected climate statistics, such as the global top-of-atmosphere energy balance, to observations. The manual tuning only targets a limited subset of observational data and…

Predicting heat-related physiological events at the population level is challenging due to the complex interactions among climatic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors, as well as the strong sparsity and seasonality of observational…

Quantum computing uses the physical principles of very small systems to develop computing platforms which can solve problems that are intractable on conventional supercomputers. There are challenges not only in building the required…

The representation of nonlinear sub-grid processes, especially clouds, has been a major source of uncertainty in climate models for decades. Cloud-resolving models better represent many of these processes and can now be run globally but…

Complex numerical weather prediction models incorporate a variety of physical processes, each described by multiple alternative physical schemes with specific parameters. The selection of the physical schemes and the choice of the…

In this paper, we address the challenge of multivariate time-series forecasting using quantum machine learning techniques. We introduce adaptation strategies that extend variational quantum circuit models, traditionally limited to…

Representing and quantifying uncertainty in physical parameterisations is a central challenge in weather and climate modelling, and approaches are often developed separately for different timescales. Here, we introduce a unified framework…

Efficient and effective modeling of complex systems, incorporating cloud physics and precipitation, is essential for accurate climate modeling and forecasting. However, simulating these systems is computationally demanding since…

The added value of machine learning for weather and climate applications is measurable through performance metrics, but explaining it remains challenging, particularly for large deep learning models. Inspired by climate model hierarchies,…

Quantum computing has emerged as a promising technology for solving problems that are intractable for classical computers. In this study, we introduce quantum computing and implement the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm using…

Computational fluid dynamics lies at the heart of many issues in science and engineering, but solving the associated partial differential equations remains computationally demanding. With the rise of quantum computing, new approaches have…

Atmospheric models used for weather and climate prediction are traditionally formulated in a deterministic manner. In other words, given a particular state of the resolved scale variables, the most likely forcing from the sub-grid scale…

In situ and remotely sensed observations have potential to facilitate data-driven predictive models for oceanography. A suite of machine learning models, including regression, decision tree and deep learning approaches were developed to…

Global climate models represent small-scale processes such as clouds and convection using quasi-empirical models known as parameterizations, and these parameterizations are a leading cause of uncertainty in climate projections. A promising…

This article discusses applications of Bayesian machine learning for quantum molecular dynamics. One particular formulation of quantum dynamics advocated here is in the form of a machine learning simulator of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation.…

Dynamical weather and climate prediction models underpin many studies of the Earth system and hold the promise of being able to make robust projections of future climate change based on physical laws. However, simulations from these models…

We explore how neural differential equations (NDEs) may be trained on highly resolved fluid-dynamical models of unresolved scales providing an ideal framework for data-driven parameterizations in climate models. NDEs overcome some of the…