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Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) coupled with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) presents a powerful platform for detailed material characterization via rich imaging and spectroscopic data. Modern electron microscopes…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is now the primary tool for exploring functional materials on the atomic level. Often, features of interest are highly localized in specific regions in the material, such as ferroelectric…
Machine learning methods are progressively gaining acceptance in the electron microscopy community for de-noising, semantic segmentation, and dimensionality reduction of data post-acquisition. The introduction of the APIs by major…
Automated experiments in 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy are implemented for rapid discovery of local structures, symmetry-breaking distortions, and internal electric and magnetic fields in complex materials. Deep kernel…
The broad adoption of machine learning (ML)-based automated and autonomous experiments (AE) in physical characterization and synthesis requires development of strategies for understanding and intervention in the experimental workflow. Here,…
In-situ Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) is an instrumental technique that has traditionally been used to understand how the choice of materials processing has the ability to change local structure and composition. However, more…
Machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) are rapidly becoming an indispensable part of physics research, with domain applications ranging from theory and materials prediction to high-throughput data analysis. In parallel, the…
On- and off-axis electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a powerful method for probing local electronic structure on single atom level. However, many materials undergo electron-beam induced transformation during the scanning…
Microscopy techniques have played vital roles in materials science, biology, and nanotechnology, offering high-resolution imaging and detailed insights into properties at nanoscale and atomic level. The automation of microscopy experiments,…
Spatially resolved Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) conducted in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) enables the acquisition of hyperspectral images (HSIs). Spectral unmixing (SU) is the process of decomposing each…
Over the last two decades, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) imaging with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has emerged as a technique of choice for visualizing complex chemical, electronic, plasmonic, and phononic…
Machine learning (ML) has become critical for post-acquisition data analysis in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, (S)TEM, imaging and spectroscopy. An emerging trend is the transition to real-time analysis and closed-loop…
Deep Learning (DL) is a two-step classification model that consists feature learning, generating feature representations using unsupervised ways and the supervised learning stage at the last step of model using at least two hidden layers on…
The current focus in Autonomous Experimentation (AE) is on developing robust workflows to conduct the AE effectively. This entails the need for well-defined approaches to guide the AE process, including strategies for hyperparameter tuning…
Autonomous experimentation (AE) combines machine learning and research hardware automation in a closed loop, guiding subsequent experiments toward user goals. As applied to materials research, AE can accelerate materials exploration,…
The robust approach for real-time analysis of the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data streams, based on the ensemble learning and iterative training (ELIT) of deep convolutional neural networks, is implemented on an…
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) has become the main stay for materials characterization on atomic level, with applications ranging from visualization of localized and extended defects to mapping order parameter fields. In…
In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) through liquids is a promising approach for exploring biological and materials processes. However, options for in situ chemical identification are limited: X-ray analysis is precluded…
(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has significantly advanced materials science but faces challenges in correlating precise atomic structure information with the functional properties of devices due to its time-intensive…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has advanced rapidly in the last decade thanks to the ability to correct the major aberrations of the probe forming lens. Now atomic-sized beams are routine, even at accelerating voltages as…