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We present the results of three-dimensional numerical simulations that include the effects of hydrodynamical forces and gas drag upon an evolving dusty gas disk. We briefly describe a new parallel, two phase numerical code based upon the…

Solid material in protoplanetary discs will suffer one of two fates after the epoch of planet formation; either being bound up into planetary bodies, or remaining in smaller planetesimals to be ground into dust. These end states are…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Robert A. Wittenmyer , Jonathan P. Marshall

The "cosmic shoreline," a semi-empirical relation that separates airless worlds from worlds with atmospheres as proposed by K. J. Zahnle & D. C. Catling, is now guiding large-scale JWST surveys aimed at detecting rocky exoplanet…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-16 Xuan Ji , Richard D. Chatterjee , Brandon Park Coy , Edwin S. Kite

Theoretical models of grain growth predict dust properties to change as a function of protoplanetary disk radius, mass, age and other physical conditions. We lay down the methodology for a multi-wavelength analysis of (sub-)mm and cm…

Dust grains with sizes around (sub)mm are expected to couple only weakly to the gas motion in regions beyond 10 au of circumstellar disks. In this work, we investigate the influence of the spatial distribution of such grains on the (sub)mm…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-05-04 J. P. Ruge , M. Flock , S. Wolf , N. Dzyurkevich , S. Fromang , Th. Henning , H. Klahr , H. Meheut

A significant fraction of unstable multiple planet systems likely scatter during the transitional disc phase as gas damping becomes ineffectual. Using an ensemble of FARGO hydrodynamic simulations and MERCURY n-body integrations, we…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-30 Nickolas Moeckel , Philip J. Armitage

The characterization of exoplanets and their birth protoplanetary disks has enormously advanced in the last decade. Benefitting from that, our global understanding of the planet formation processes has been substantially improved. In this…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-03 Beibei Liu , Jianghui Ji

We investigate how the formation and structure of circumplanetary disks (CPDs) varies with planet mass and protoplanetary disk aspect ratio. Using static mesh refinement and a near-isothermal equation of state, we perform a small parameter…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-05-15 Sabina Sagynbayeva , Rixin Li , Aleksandra Kuznetsova , Zhaohuan Zhu , Yan-Fei Jiang , Philip J. Armitage

Context: Photoevaporation is an important process for protoplanetary disc dispersal but there has so far been a lack of consensus from simulations over the mass-loss rates and the most important part of the high-energy spectrum for driving…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-23 Andrew D. Sellek , Tommaso Grassi , Giovanni Picogna , Christian Rab , Cathie J. Clarke , Barbara Ercolano

We investigate the potential of using ratios of fine structure and near-infrared forbidden line transitions of atomic carbon to diagnose protoplanetary disk extension. Using results from 2D photoionisation and radiative transfer modeling of…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2015-05-13 B. Ercolano , J. J. Drake , C. J. Clarke

Despite intensive studies of protoplanetary disks, there is still no reliable way to determine their total mass and their surface density distribution, quantities that are crucial for describing both the structure and the evolution of disks…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-10-26 Anna Miotello , Ewine F. van Dishoeck , Mihkel Kama , Simon Bruderer

The presence of dusty debris around main sequence stars denotes the existence of planetary systems. Such debris disks are often identified by the presence of excess continuum emission at infrared and (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, with…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-01-23 Jonathan P. Marshall , S. T. Maddison , E. Thilliez , B. C. Matthews , D. J. Wilner , J. S. Greaves , W. S. Holland

We propose a new evolutionary process of protoplanetary disks "co-evolution of dust grains and protoplanetary disks", revealed by dust-gas two-fluid non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations considering the growth of dust and associated…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-07-26 Yusuke Tsukamoto , Masahiro N. Machida , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Planet-forming discs in sufficiently strong UV environments lose gas in external photoevaporative winds. Dust can also be entrained within these winds, which has consequences for the possible solids reservoir for planet formation, and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-09 S. Paine , T. J. Haworth , R. P. Nelson

Dust substructures in protoplanetary discs can be signatures of embedded young planets whose detection and characterisation would provide a better understanding of planet formation. Traditional techniques used to link substructures'…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-08-20 A. Ruzza , G. Lodato , G. P. Rosotti , P. J. Armitage

I begin this review by first defining what is meant by exoplanet demographics, and then motivating why we would like as broad a picture of exoplanet demographics as possible. I then outline the methodology and pitfalls to measuring…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-03-02 B. Scott Gaudi

We perform global three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of the envelopes surrounding young planetary cores of 5, 10, and 15 Earth masses, located in a protoplanetary disk at 5 and 10 AU from a solar-mass star. We apply…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-11-07 Gennaro D'Angelo , Peter Bodenheimer

Large spectroscopic surveys have enabled in the recent years the computation of three-dimensional interstellar extinction maps thanks to accurate stellar atmospheric parameters and line-of-sight distances. Such maps are complementary to 3D…

Protoplanetary discs are now routinely observed and exoplanets, after the numerous indirect discoveries, are starting to be directly imaged. To better understand the planet formation process, the next step is the detection of forming…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-09-30 Jean-François Gonzalez , Guillaume Laibe , Sarah T. Maddison , Christophe Pinte , François Ménard

ALMA has spatially resolved over 200 annular structures in protoplanetary discs, many of which are suggestive of the presence of planets. Constraining the mass of these putative planets is quite degenerate for it depends on the disc…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-06-14 Yinhao Wu , Clément Baruteau , Sergei Nayakshin