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The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…

Quantum error correction promises a viable path to fault-tolerant computations, enabling exponential error suppression when the device's error rates remain below the protocol's threshold. This threshold, however, strongly depends on the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-11 Maurice D. Hanisch , Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

For spectral efficiency, higher order modulation symbols confer information on more than one bit. As soft detection forward error correction decoders assume the availability of information at binary granularity, however, soft demappers are…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2023-08-11 Wei An , Muriel Medard , Ken R. Duffy

In this paper, soft-decision (SD) decoders of permutation trellis code (PTC) with $M$-ary frequency shift keying are designed using three optimization algorithms and presented in four decoding schemes. In a concatenated code such as PTC,…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-11-12 Oluwafemi Kolade , Mulundumina Shimaponda-Nawa , Daniel J. J. Versfeld , Ling Cheng

We combine two approaches to optimize the iterative decoding of product codes with precoded polar component codes. On one side, we generate bitwise soft messages based on the codebook probability, an approximation of an auxiliary quantity…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Nicolás Alvarez Prado , Andreas Straßhofer

Imperfect measurements are a prevalent source of error across quantum computing platforms, significantly degrading the logical error rates achievable on current hardware. To mitigate this issue, rich measurement data referred to as soft…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-18 Joonas Majaniemi , Elisha S. Matekole

Recursive list decoding is considered for Reed-Muller (RM) codes. The algorithm repeatedly relegates itself to the shorter RM codes by recalculating the posterior probabilities of their symbols. Intermediate decodings are only performed…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2017-03-17 Ilya Dumer , Kirill Shabunov

In this paper, the spectral efficiency of permutation modulation-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) visible light communication is improved using systematically designed, multiweight codeword matrices. Soft-decision, low-complexity…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-07-01 Oluwafemi Kolade , Ling Cheng

Staircase codes (SCCs) are typically decoded using iterative bounded-distance decoding (BDD) and hard decisions. In this paper, a novel decoding algorithm is proposed, which partially uses soft information from the channel. The proposed…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-05 Yi Lei , Bin Chen , Gabriele Liga , Xiong Deng , Zizheng Cao , Jianqiang Li , Kun Xu , Alex Alvarado

In this paper, probabilistic shaping is numerically and experimentally investigated for increasing the transmission reach of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).…

Sphere decoding (SD) of polar codes is an efficient method to achieve the error performance of maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. But the complexity of the conventional sphere decoder is still high, where the candidates in a target sphere…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2013-08-14 Kai Niu , Kai Chen , Jiaru Lin

This paper discusses bit-level soft decoding of triple-parity Reed-Solomon (RS) codes through automorphism permutation. A new method for identifying the automorphism groups of RS binary images is first developed. The new algorithm runs…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2013-03-19 Vo Tam Van , Seiichi Mita , Jing , Li , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan

In continuous-variable quantum key distribution, information reconciliation is required to extract a shared secret key from correlated random variables obtained through the quantum channel. Reverse reconciliation (RR) is generally…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Marco Origlia , Emanuele Parente , Marco Secondini

Decoders that provide an estimate of the probability of a logical failure conditioned on the error syndrome ("soft-output decoders") can reduce the overhead cost of fault-tolerant quantum memory and computation. In this work, we construct…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-04 Nadine Meister , Christopher A. Pattison , John Preskill

We consider probabilistic shaping to maximize the achievable information rate of coded modulation (CM) with hard decision decoding. The proposed scheme using binary staircase codes outperforms its uniform CM counterpart by more than 1.3 dB…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2017-05-08 Alireza Sheikh , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Gianluigi Liva

We propose an improved soft-aided decoding scheme for product codes that approaches the decoding performance of conventional soft-decision TPD with only a 0.2 dB gap while keeping the complexity and internal decoder data flow similarly low…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2022-07-12 Sisi Miao , Lukas Rapp , Laurent Schmalen

We propose a very low-complexity and high-performance algorithm for soft-demapping of multi-dimensional modulation formats. We assess its performance over the linear channel for four 8D formats, generated using binary arithmetics. This…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2019-04-30 Djalal F. Bendimerad , Huijian Zhang , Ingmar Land , Hartmut Hafermann

Binary linear block codes (BLBCs) form the foundation of modern communication systems, yet no single code family simultaneously optimizes all performance aspects. This leads to the widely used multi-code architecture in the standard,…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Pin-Jing Li , Yu-Chih Huang

This is the second part of a series of papers on a revisit to the bidirectional Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) soft-in-soft-out (SISO) maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding algorithm. Part I revisited the BCJR MAP decoding…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2018-01-16 Qimin You , Yonghui Li , Soung Chang Liew , Branka Vucetic

In this paper, Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithms for Spatial Modulation (SM) are developed to reduce the computational complexity of Maximum-Likelihood (ML) detectors. Two SDs specifically designed for SM are proposed and analysed in terms of…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2013-05-31 Abdelhamid Younis , Sinan Sinanović , Marco Di Renzo , Raed Mesleh , Harald Haas
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