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During the high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC), planned to start around 2027, the accelerator is expected to deliver an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to $7.5\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. A total integrated luminosity of…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-06-17 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

A new tracking detector will be installed as part of the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC era. This tracking detector includes the Inner Tracker, equipped with silicon pixel sensor modules, and the Outer…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2024-09-02 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, set to begin in 2029, will provide the general-purpose experiments with an instantaneous luminosity of up to $\mathcal{L} = 7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2025-01-08 Thiago R. F. P. Tomei

Aiming to measure the difference in arrival times of two coincident gamma-photons with an accuracy in the order of 200 ps, time-of-flight positron emission tomography systems commonly employ silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and…

医学物理 · 物理学 2021-02-11 Vanessa Nadig , David Schug , Bjoern Weissler , Volkmar Schulz

The aim of this work is to show the potential capabilities of monolithic crystals coupled to large SiPM arrays, to be considered as detector blocks for PET scanners enabling Time Of Flight (TOF) capabilities. Monolithic blocks allow one to…

Particle identification (PID) is a fundamental aspect of the ALICE detector system, central to its heavy-ion and proton-proton physics programs. Among the different PID strategies, ALICE uses the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detector to identify…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2025-11-14 ALICE Collaboration

To cope with the challenging environment of the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), scheduled to start operation in 2029, CMS will replace its entire tracking system. The requirements for the tracker are…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-12-12 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

We present the characterization of a readout Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade with charge injection. The ASIC, named ETROC and developed in a 65 nm CMOS…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2021-09-03 H. Sun , D. Gong , W. Zhang , C. Edwards , c G. Huang , X. Huang , C. Liu , T. Liu , T. Liu , J. Olsen , Q. Sun , J. Wu , J. Ye , L. Zhang

The next upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is planned from 2026 when the collider will move to its High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC). The CMS detector needs to be substantially upgraded during this period to exploit the fourfold…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-02-01 Tamas Almos Vami , Morris Swartz

Accurate Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement with sub-100 picosecond resolution is a critical requirement for particle identification in future high-energy physics experiments, such as the Belle II $K_{L}$ and Muon (KLM) detector upgrade.…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2026-05-14 Ziyi Yang , Xiyang Wang , Shiming Zou , Ting Wang , Kairui Huang , Wanyi Zhuang , Yicheng Pu , Xiaolong Wang

A new downstream tracking system, known as the Mighty Tracker, is planned to be installed at LHCb during LS4 of the LHC. This will allow an increase in instantaneous luminosity from $2\cdot10^{33}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ to…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2024-02-14 Hannah Schmitz , Lucas Dittmann , Klaas Padeken , Sebastian Neubert

The Multipurpose Detector (MPD) \cite{cite1.MPD_CDR} is designed to study of hot and dense baryonic matter in collisions of heavy ions over the atomic mass range 1--197 at the centre of mass energy up to $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 11 GeV (for…

The detector of TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) will use large-area silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays combined with photomultiplier tubes to boost photon detection efficiency and pointing capability. An…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2025-02-06 M. X. Wang , Y. Liu , Y. Q. Tan , J. N. Tang , W. H. Wu , D. L. Xu , W. Zhi , Z. Z. Zhou

The barrel time-of-flight detector for the PANDA experiment at FAIR is foreseen as a Scintillator Tile (SciTil) Hodoscope based on several thousand small plastic scintillator tiles read-out with directly attached Silicon Photomultipliers…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2019-08-14 L. Gruber , S. E. Brunner , J. Marton , H. Orth , K. Suzuki

The ALICE experiment at CERN is undergoing a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) of the LHC during 2019-2020. The key elements regarding the central barrel are the installation of a new Inner Tracking System (ITS) and the upgrade…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2021-02-03 Felix Reidt

In recent years, SiPM photoelectric devices have drawn much attention in the domain of time-of-flight-based positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). Using them to construct PET detectors with excellent coincidence time resolution (CTR) is…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2018-06-08 Liwei Wang , Yonggang Wang , Qiang Cao , Yong Xiao , Chong Liu

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo an upgrade in order to increase its luminosity to $7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The increased luminosity during this High-Luminosity running phase (HL-LHC), starting around…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-09-04 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

The LHC will undergo a major upgrade starting in 2025 towards the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 5 to 7 compared to the nominal value. The Phase-II Upgrade (2025-2027) will require the…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-11-06 Fernando Carrió Argos

A second monolithic silicon pixel prototype was produced for the MONOLITH project. The ASIC contains a matrix of hexagonal pixels with 100 {\mu}m pitch, readout by a low-noise and very fast SiGe HBT frontend electronics. Wafers with 50…

During the second long shutdown of the LHC in 2018, the ALICE Collaboration plans to install an upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) in the central barrel with seven layers of silicon detectors starting at 2.2 cm radial distance…

核实验 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Johannes Stiller