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Jupiter's atmosphere is enriched with heavy elements by a factor of about 3 compared to proto-solar. The origin of this enrichment and whether it represent the bulk composition of the planetary envelope remain unknown. Internal structure…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-03-02 Sho Shibata , Ravit Helled

While Jupiter's massive gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, the key to understanding Jupiter's formation and evolution lies in the distribution of the remaining (heavy) elements. Before the Juno mission, the lack of…

The Juno mission has provided an accurate determination of Jupiter's gravitational field, which has been used to obtain information about the planet's composition and internal structure. Several models of Jupiter's structure that fit the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-07-17 Shang-Fei Liu , Yasunori Hori , Simon Müller , Xiaochen Zheng , Ravit Helled , Doug Lin , Andrea Isella

The goal of this work is to investigate Jupiter's growth focusing on the amount of heavy elements accreted by the planet, and its comparison with recent structure models. Our model assumes an initial core growth dominated by pebble…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-02-05 Julia Venturini , Ravit Helled

Interior models of gas giants in the Solar System traditionally assume a fully convective molecular hydrogen envelope. However, recent observations from the Juno mission suggest a possible depletion of alkali metals in Jupiter's molecular…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-01-29 Louis Siebenaler , Yamila Miguel , Sam de Regt , Tristan Guillot

The microwave radiometer aboard the Juno spacecraft provided a measurement of the water abundance found to range between 1 and 5.1 times the protosolar abundance of oxygen in the near-equatorial region of Jupiter. Here, we aim to combine…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-09-29 Olivier Mousis , Jonathan I. Lunine , Artyom Aguichine

The Juno mission has revolutionized and challenged our understanding of Jupiter. As Juno transitioned to its extended mission, we review the major findings of Jupiter's internal structure relevant to understanding Jupiter's formation and…

If Jupiter and the Sun both formed directly from the same well-mixed proto-solar nebula, then their atmospheric compositions should be similar. However, direct sampling of Jupiter's troposphere indicates that it is enriched in elements such…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2011-12-15 Henry Throop , John Bally

The composition of Jupiter and the primordial distribution of the heavy elements are determined by its formation history. As a result, in order to constrain the primordial internal structure of Jupiter the growth of the core and the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-03-08 Michael Lozovsky , Ravit Helled , Eric D. Rosenberg , Peter Bodenheimer

Jupiter's deep abundances help to constrain the formation history of the planet and the environment of the protoplanetary nebula. Juno recently measured Jupiter's deep oxygen abundance near the equator to be 2.2$_{-2.1}^{+3.9}$ times the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-05-24 Thibault Cavalié , Jonathan Lunine , Olivier Mousis

Water and ammonia vapors are known to be the major sources of spectral absorption at pressure levels observed by the microwave radiometer (MWR) on Juno. However, the brightness temperatures and limb darkening observed by the MWR at its…

Recent formation and structure models of Jupiter suggest that the planet can have composition gradients and not be fully convective (adiabatic). This possibility directly affects our understanding of Jupiter's bulk composition and origin.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-03-14 A. Vazan , R. Helled , T. Guillot

Jupiter's atmosphere is enriched in C, N, S, P, Ar, Kr and Xe with respect to solar abundances by a factor of ~3. Gas Giant envelopes are mainly enriched through the dissolution of solids in the atmosphere, and this constant enrichment…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-11-06 Karin I. Oberg , Robin Wordsworth

Recent structure models of Jupiter that match Juno gravity data suggest that the planet harbours an extended region in its deep interior that is enriched in heavy elements, a so-called dilute/fuzzy core. This finding raises the question of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-07-01 Simon Müller , Ravit Helled , Andrew Cumming

Argon, krypton, xenon, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus have all been measured enriched by a quasi uniform factor in the 2--4 range, compared to their protosolar values, in the atmosphere of Jupiter. To elucidate the origin of these…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-04-17 Olivier Mousis , Thomas Ronnet , Jonathan I. Lunine

The primordial structure of Jupiter remains uncertain, yet it holds vital clues on the planet's formation and early evolution. Recent work used dynamical constraints from Jupiter's inner moons to determine its primordial state, thereby…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-02-04 Henrik Knierim , Konstantin Batygin , Ravit Helled , Luca Morf , Fred C. Adams

Jupiter's atmosphere has been observed to be depleted in helium (Yatm~0.24), suggesting active helium sedimentation in the interior. This is accounted for in standard Jupiter structure and evolution models through the assumption of an…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 N. Nettelmann , J. J. Fortney , K. Moore , C. Mankovich

Heavy elements, even though its smaller constituent, are crucial to understand Jupiter formation history. Interior models are used to determine the amount of heavy elements in Jupiter interior, nevertheless this range is still subject to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-12-14 Yamila Miguel , Tristan Guillot , Lucile Fayon

Observations of Jupiter's gravity field by Juno have revealed surprisingly small values for the high order gravitational moments, considering the abundances of heavy elements measured by Galileo 20 years ago. The derivation of recent…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-02-27 Florian Debras , Gilles Chabrier

Motivated by recent spectroscopic observations suggesting that atmospheres of some extrasolar giant-planets are carbon-rich, i.e. carbon/oxygen ratio (C/O) $\ge$ 1, we find that the whole set of compositional data for Jupiter is consistent…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Olivier Mousis , Jonathan I. Lunine , Nikku Madhusudhan , Torrence V. Johnson
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