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The legal field already uses various large language models (LLMs) in actual applications, but their quantitative performance and reasons for it are underexplored. We evaluated several open-source and proprietary LLMs -- including…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Bhakti Khera , Rezvan Alamian , Pascal A. Scherz , Stephan M. Goetz

There are many bottlenecks that decrease the flexibility of automotive systems, making their long-term maintenance, as well as updates and extensions in later lifecycle phases increasingly difficult, mainly due to long re-engineering,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Nenad Petrovic , Lukasz Mazur , Alois Knoll

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

High-quality training data has proven crucial for developing performant large language models (LLMs). However, commercial LLM providers disclose few, if any, details about the data used for training. This lack of transparency creates…

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on sensitive datasets carries a substantial risk of unintended memorization and leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which can violate privacy regulations and compromise individual…

Large-language-model coding tools are now mainstream in software engineering. But as these same tools move human effort up the development stack, they present fresh dangers: 10% of real prompts leak private data, 42% of generated snippets…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Vladislav Belozerov , Peter J Barclay , Askhan Sami

APIs have intricate relations that can be described in text and represented as knowledge graphs to aid software engineering tasks. Existing relation extraction methods have limitations, such as limited API text corpus and affected by the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Qing Huang , Yanbang Sun , Zhenchang Xing , Yuanlong Cao , Jieshan Chen , Xiwei Xu , Huan Jin , Jiaxing Lu

Recent studies demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to different prompt-based attacks, generating harmful content or sensitive information. Both closed-source and open-source LLMs are underinvestigated for these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Jiawen Wang , Pritha Gupta , Ivan Habernal , Eyke Hüllermeier

Language Models (LMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and enabled remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet their black-box nature raises critical concerns about the interpretability of their internal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Avash Palikhe , Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Rui Guo , Qiang Duan , Jie Yang , Wenbin Zhang

Batch data analytics is a growing application for Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs enable users to perform a wide range of natural language tasks, such as classification, entity extraction, and translation, over large datasets. However,…

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the domain of large language models (LLMs), has resulted in powerful and versatile dual-use systems. This intelligence can be put towards a wide variety of beneficial tasks,…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2023-12-25 Julian Hazell

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI Codex are increasingly being used as AI-based coding assistants. Understanding the impact of these tools on developers' code is paramount, especially as recent work showed that LLMs may suggest…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Gustavo Sandoval , Hammond Pearce , Teo Nys , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), represented by OpenAI's GPT series, has significantly impacted various domains such as natural language processing, software development, education, healthcare, finance, and scientific…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-05-08 Xiang Chen , Jibin Wang , Chaoyang Gao , Xiaolin Ju , Zhanqi Cui

Security critical software, e.g., OpenSSL, comes with numerous side-channel leakages left unpatched due to a lack of resources or experts. The situation will only worsen as the pace of code development accelerates, with developers relying…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-08-28 M. Caner Tol , Berk Sunar

In this study, we propose a homotopy-inspired prompt obfuscation framework to enhance understanding of security and safety vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). By systematically applying carefully engineered prompts, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Luis Lazo , Hamed Jelodar , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by OpenAI's ChatGPT, brings to the forefront the imperative to defend against adversarial threats on these models. These attacks, which manipulate an LLM's output by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Amelia Kawasaki , Andrew Davis , Houssam Abbas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in natural language understanding, reasoning, and autonomous decision-making. However, these advancements have also come with significant privacy concerns. While significant…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Yuntao Du , Zitao Li , Ninghui Li , Bolin Ding

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

The emergence of ChatGPT marks the arrival of the large language model (LLM) era. While LLMs demonstrate their power in a variety of fields, they also raise serious privacy concerns as the users' queries are sent to the model provider. On…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Fei Zheng , Chaochao Chen , Zhongxuan Han , Xiaolin Zheng