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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate information from multiple modalities such as text, images, audio, and video, enabling complex capabilities such as visual question answering and audio translation. While powerful, this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Bhavuk Jain , Sercan Ö. Arık , Hardeo K. Thakur

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that lead to generation of inappropriate or harmful content. Manual red-teaming requires a time-consuming search for adversarial prompts, whereas automatic adversarial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Anselm Paulus , Arman Zharmagambetov , Chuan Guo , Brandon Amos , Yuandong Tian

Despite efforts to align large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, widely-used LLMs such as GPT, Llama, and Claude are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks, wherein an adversary fools a targeted LLM into generating objectionable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Alexander Robey , Eric Wong , Hamed Hassani , George J. Pappas

The critical challenge of prompt injection attacks in Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated applications, a growing concern in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Such attacks, which manipulate LLMs through natural language inputs,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Xuchen Suo

Large language models (LLMs), known for their capability in understanding and following instructions, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Researchers have found that current commercial LLMs either fail to be "harmless" by presenting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Bocheng Chen , Advait Paliwal , Qiben Yan

With the rapid advancement of multimodal learning, pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated remarkable capacities in bridging the gap between visual and language modalities. However, these models remain…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Jiaming Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Xin Wang , Lingyu Qiu , Jiaqi Wang , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jitao Sang

Aligned large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, which bypass the safeguards of targeted LLMs and fool them into generating objectionable content. While initial defenses show promise against token-based threat…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-01 Jiabao Ji , Bairu Hou , Alexander Robey , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Yang Zhang , Eric Wong , Shiyu Chang

As the pre-trained language models (PLMs) continue to grow, so do the hardware and data requirements for fine-tuning PLMs. Therefore, the researchers have come up with a lighter method called \textit{Prompt Learning}. However, during the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Yundi Shi , Piji Li , Changchun Yin , Zhaoyang Han , Lu Zhou , Zhe Liu

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), capable of processing text, images, and audio, have been widely adopted in various AI applications. However, recent MLLMs integrating images and text remain highly vulnerable to coordinated…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Zihao Wang , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Large language models (LLMs) are popular for high-quality text generation but can produce harmful content, even when aligned with human values through reinforcement learning. Adversarial prompts can bypass their safety measures. We propose…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Mansi Phute , Alec Helbling , Matthew Hull , ShengYun Peng , Sebastian Szyller , Cory Cornelius , Duen Horng Chau

When large language model (LLM) systems interact with external data to perform complex tasks, a new attack, namely prompt injection, becomes a significant threat. By injecting instructions into the data accessed by the system, the attacker…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Sizhe Chen , Yizhu Wang , Nicholas Carlini , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

Despite extensive efforts in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Activation steering offers a training-free defense method but relies on fixed steering coefficients, resulting in suboptimal…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , An Zhang , Xingyu Sui , Xinyang Han , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

As the use of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, ensuring their safety and robustness has become a critical challenge. In particular, jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Hajun Kim , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

Iterative jailbreak methods that repeatedly rewrite and input prompts into large language models (LLMs) to induce harmful outputs -- using the model's previous responses to guide each new iteration -- have been found to be a highly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Zeerak Talat , Timothy Baldwin

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed in safety-critical settings, it is essential to ensure that their responses comply with safety standards. Prior research has revealed that LLMs often fail to grasp the notion of safe behaviors,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Kartik Sharma , Yiqiao Jin , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong reasoning and perception capabilities but are increasingly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While existing work focuses on explicit attacks, where malicious content resides in a single…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Xu Zhang , Hao Li , Zhichao Lu

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks have proven effective against text-only large language models (LLMs), where malicious content is gradually introduced to bypass safety alignment. However, effectively extending such attacks to large…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 In Chong Choi , Jiacheng Zhang , Feng Liu , Yiliao Song

Large Language Models' safety remains a critical concern due to their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, which can prompt these systems to produce harmful responses. In the heart of these systems lies a safety classifier, a computational…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-02 Jinhwa Kim , Ali Derakhshan , Ian G. Harris

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have become the cornerstone of today's generative AI ecosystem, sparking intense competition among tech giants and startups. In particular, an MLLM generates a text response given a prompt consisting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-09 Zedian Shao , Hongbin Liu , Yuepeng Hu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong