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We propose a novel method for generating abstract art. First an autoencoder is trained to encode and decode the style representations of images, which are extracted from source images with a pretrained VGG network. Then, the decoder…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-15 James Baker

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has emerged to prominence in response to the growing demand for educational automation. Providing an objective and cost-effective solution, AES standardises the assessment of extended responses. Although…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-12-15 Abhirup Chakravarty

Individual feedback can help students improve their essay writing skills. However, the manual effort required to provide such feedback limits individualization in practice. Automatically-generated essay feedback may serve as an alternative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Maja Stahl , Leon Biermann , Andreas Nehring , Henning Wachsmuth

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) plays a crucial role in assessing language learners' writing quality, reducing grading workload, and providing real-time feedback. The lack of annotated essay datasets inhibits the development of Arabic AES…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Chatrine Qwaider , Bashar Alhafni , Kirill Chirkunov , Nizar Habash , Ted Briscoe

Automated essay scoring (AES) is a vital area of research aiming to provide efficient and accurate assessment tools for evaluating written content. This study investigates the effectiveness of two popular similarity metrics, Jaccard…

Autoregressive language models like GPT aim to predict next tokens, while autoencoding models such as BERT are trained on tasks such as predicting masked tokens. We train a decoder-only architecture for predicting the second to last token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Johannes Schneider

Speculative Decoding is a prominent technique for accelerating the autoregressive inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a fast draft model to propose candidate token sequences and a large target model to verify them in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Chendong Sun , Ali Mao , Lei Xu , mingmin Chen

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have exhibited remarkable performances in many tasks in natural language understanding (NLU). The tokens in the models are usually fine-grained in the sense that for languages like English they are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-28 Xinsong Zhang , Pengshuai Li , Hang Li

Automated text scoring (ATS) tasks, such as automated essay scoring and readability assessment, are important educational applications of natural language processing. Due to their interpretability of models and predictions, traditional…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-09 Hitoshi Manabe , Masato Hagiwara

Transformer-based models have led to significant innovation in classical and practical subjects as varied as speech processing, natural language processing, and computer vision. On top of the Transformer, attention-based end-to-end…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-19 Fu-Hao Yu , Kuan-Yu Chen

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is highly sensitive to the prompts they are given. Drawing inspiration from the field of prompt optimization, this study investigates the potential for enhancing Automated Essay Scoring (AES)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Keno Harada , Lui Yoshida , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable success across a variety of tasks. However, their potential in the domain of Automated Essay Scoring (AES) remains largely underexplored. Moreover, compared to English data,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Yida Cai , Kun Liang , Sanwoo Lee , Qinghan Wang , Yunfang Wu

In this study, we implement a novel BERT architecture for multitask fine-tuning on three downstream tasks: sentiment classification, paraphrase detection, and semantic textual similarity prediction. Our model, Multitask BERT, incorporates…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-29 Christopher Sun , Abishek Satish

Automated scoring of open-ended student responses has the potential to significantly reduce human grader effort. Recent advances in automated scoring often leverage textual representations based on pre-trained language models such as BERT…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Nigel Fernandez , Aritra Ghosh , Naiming Liu , Zichao Wang , Benoît Choffin , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

This study illustrates how incorporating feedback-oriented annotations into the scoring pipeline can enhance the accuracy of automated essay scoring (AES). This approach is demonstrated with the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Christopher Ormerod

Attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have achieved promising performance in speech recognition. However, because the decoder predicts text tokens (such as characters or words) in an autoregressive manner, it is difficult for an AED…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-31 Ye Bai , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Zhengkun Tian , Zhengqi Wen , Shuai Zhang

We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-05-28 Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

We introduce ART, a new corpus-level autoencoding approach for training dense retrieval models that does not require any labeled training data. Dense retrieval is a central challenge for open-domain tasks, such as Open QA, where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-04 Devendra Singh Sachan , Mike Lewis , Dani Yogatama , Luke Zettlemoyer , Joelle Pineau , Manzil Zaheer

Autoregressive models have achieved impressive results over a wide range of domains in terms of generation quality and downstream task performance. In the continuous domain, a key factor behind this success is the usage of quantized latent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-23 Emilian Postolache , Giorgio Mariani , Michele Mancusi , Andrea Santilli , Luca Cosmo , Emanuele Rodolà

Recent automated essay scoring (AES) studies increasingly use pretrained transformer models, but these models are usually pretrained on general-domain English and may under-represent second-language learner writing. This study investigates…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Duy Anh Nguyen