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The alignment of large language models (LLMs) aims to ensure their outputs adhere to human values, ethical standards, and legal norms. Traditional alignment methods often rely on resource-intensive fine-tuning (FT), which may suffer from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Birong Pan , Yongqi Li , Weiyu Zhang , Wenpeng Lu , Mayi Xu , Shen Zhou , Yuanyuan Zhu , Ming Zhong , Tieyun Qian

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making contexts, but when they present answers without signaling low confidence, users may unknowingly act on erroneous outputs. Prior work shows that LLMs maintain internal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Mark Steyvers , Catarina Belem , Padhraic Smyth

Large Language Models (LLMs) are important tools for reasoning and problem-solving, while they often operate passively, answering questions without actively discovering new ones. This limitation reduces their ability to simulate human-like…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Hong Su

Who is the US President? The answer changes depending on when the question is asked. While large language models (LLMs) are evaluated on various reasoning tasks, they often miss a crucial dimension: time. In real-world scenarios, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 David Herel , Vojtech Bartek , Jiri Jirak , Tomas Mikolov

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have produced substantial improvements in discourse-aware neural machine translation (NMT), for example, improved coherence in spoken language translation. However, the underlying reasons for their strong…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Zhihong Huang , Longyue Wang , Siyou Liu , Derek F. Wong

Despite the remarkable abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to answer questions, they often display a considerable level of overconfidence even when the question does not have a definitive answer. To avoid providing hallucinated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Yang Deng , Yong Zhao , Moxin Li , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Self-Rewarding Language Models propose an architecture in which the Large Language Models(LLMs) both generates responses and evaluates its own outputs via LLM-as-a-Judge prompting, dynamically improving its generative capabilities through…

Recent advances in NLP are brought by a range of large-scale pretrained language models (PLMs). These PLMs have brought significant performance gains for a range of NLP tasks, circumventing the need to customize complex designs for specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-08 Xu Guo , Han Yu

Pre-trained language models (PrLM) have to carefully manage input units when training on a very large text with a vocabulary consisting of millions of words. Previous works have shown that incorporating span-level information over…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-16 Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Large language models have demonstrated impressive retrieval-augmented capabilities. However, a crucial area remains underexplored: their ability to appropriately adapt responses to the certainty of the retrieved information. It is a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Behzad Shayegh , Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Fred Tung , Leo Feng

Having been trained on massive pretraining data, large language models have shown excellent performance on many knowledge-intensive tasks. However, pretraining data tends to contain misleading and even conflicting information, and it is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Jiahuan Li , Yiqing Cao , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen

With this paper, we survey techniques for improving the predictive accuracy of pretrained large language models by allocating additional compute at inference time. In categorizing test-time scaling methods, we place special emphasis on how…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-20 Zhuoyi Yang , Xu Guo , Tong Zhang , Huijuan Xu , Boyang Li

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cultural bias from overrepresented viewpoints in training data, yet cultural alignment remains a challenge due to limited cultural knowledge and a lack of exploration into effective learning approaches.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Chunhua Liu , Kabir Manandhar Shrestha , Sukai Huang

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is an effective method for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, variability in training data can hinder a model's ability to generalize across domains. This paper studies the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Davood Rafiei , Morgan Lindsay Heisler , Weiwei Zhang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in processing long contexts but still struggle with long-context reasoning. Existing approaches typically involve fine-tuning LLMs with synthetic data, which depends on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Zesen Cheng , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

While pre-trained language models (LMs) have brought great improvements in many NLP tasks, there is increasing attention to explore capabilities of LMs and interpret their predictions. However, existing works usually focus only on a certain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-07-29 Yaozong Shen , Lijie Wang , Ying Chen , Xinyan Xiao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

While Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) achieve strong performance on short audio, they degrade on long-form inputs. This degradation is more severe in temporal awareness tasks, where temporal alignment becomes increasingly inaccurate as…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-27 Mingchen Shao , Hang Su , Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Zhennan Lin , Lichun Fan , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Lei Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities but lack robust temporal intelligence, struggling to integrate reasoning about the past with predictions and plausible generations of the future. Meanwhile, existing methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Zijia Liu , Peixuan Han , Haofei Yu , Haoru Li , Jiaxuan You

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a widely used task specification language for autonomous systems. To mitigate the significant manual effort and expertise required to define LTL-encoded tasks, several methods have been proposed for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 David Smith Sundarsingh , Jun Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Yiannis Kantaros

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text token-by-token in discrete time, yet real-world communication, from therapy sessions to business negotiations, critically depends on continuous time constraints. Current LLM architectures and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Neil K. R. Sehgal , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Lyle Ungar