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Safe reinforcement learning is extremely challenging--not only must the agent explore an unknown environment, it must do so while ensuring no safety constraint violations. We formulate this safe reinforcement learning (RL) problem using the…

In numerous reinforcement learning (RL) problems involving safety-critical systems, a key challenge lies in balancing multiple objectives while simultaneously meeting all stringent safety constraints. To tackle this issue, we propose a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Shangding Gu , Bilgehan Sel , Yuhao Ding , Lu Wang , Qingwei Lin , Alois Knoll , Ming Jin

Incorporating safety is an essential prerequisite for broadening the practical applications of reinforcement learning in real-world scenarios. To tackle this challenge, Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) are leveraged, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Jaafar Mhamed , Shangding Gu

Safe Reinforcement Learning (SafeRL) is the subfield of reinforcement learning that explicitly deals with safety constraints during the learning and deployment of agents. This survey provides a mathematically rigorous overview of SafeRL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Preeti Lamba , Pawan Kumar

We consider primal-dual-based reinforcement learning (RL) in episodic constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs) with non-stationary objectives and constraints, which plays a central role in ensuring the safety of RL in time-varying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-22 Yuhao Ding , Javad Lavaei

High-level penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) has introduced significant uncertainties into modern power systems. In order to rapidly and economically respond to the fluctuations of power system operating state,…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-08-08 Pengfei Wu , Chen Chen , Dexiang Lai , Jian Zhong

Satisfying safety constraints almost surely (or with probability one) can be critical for the deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real-life applications. For example, plane landing and take-off should ideally occur with probability…

Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) aims to maximize the expected total reward, while the risk of uncertain outcomes needs to be controlled to ensure reliable performance in a risk-averse setting. In this paper, we consider the problem…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-18 Xian Yu , Siqian Shen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) serves as a versatile framework for sequential decision-making, finding applications across diverse domains such as robotics, autonomous driving, recommendation systems, supply chain optimization, biology,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-26 Vaneet Aggarwal , Washim Uddin Mondal , Qinbo Bai

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for achieving autonomous driving due to robust decision-making capabilities. RL learns a driving policy through trial and error in traffic scenarios, guided by a reward function that…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Ahmed Abouelazm , Jonas Michel , Helen Gremmelmaier , Tim Joseph , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

Safe exploration is crucial for the real-world application of reinforcement learning (RL). Previous works consider the safe exploration problem as Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP), where the policies are being optimized under…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-12 Hao Sun , Ziping Xu , Meng Fang , Zhenghao Peng , Jiadong Guo , Bo Dai , Bolei Zhou

Online safe reinforcement learning (RL) involves training a policy that maximizes task efficiency while satisfying constraints via interacting with the environments. In this paper, our focus lies in addressing the complex challenges…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-27 Yihang Yao , Zuxin Liu , Zhepeng Cen , Peide Huang , Tingnan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Ding Zhao

Safe reinforcement learning has been a promising approach for optimizing the policy of an agent that operates in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, SNO-MDP, that explores and optimizes Markov decision…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-08-18 Akifumi Wachi , Yanan Sui

A popular framework for enforcing safe actions in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is Constrained RL, where trajectory based constraints on expected cost (or other cost measures) are employed to enforce safety and more importantly these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-09 Huy Hoang , Tien Mai , Pradeep Varakantham

In traditional reinforcement learning (RL), the learner aims to solve a single objective optimization problem: find the policy that maximizes expected reward. However, in many real-world settings, it is important to optimize over multiple…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Eric Eaton , Marcel Hussing , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Sikata Bela Sengupta , Jessica Sorrell

The applicability of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in real-world domains often requires adherence to safety constraints, a need difficult to address given the asymptotic nature of the classic RL optimization objective. In contrast…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-15 Moritz A. Zanger , Karam Daaboul , J. Marius Zöllner

Offline safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies from a fixed dataset while maximizing performance under cumulative cost constraints. In practice, deployment requirements often vary across scenarios, necessitating a single…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Wensong Bai , Chao Zhang , Qihang Xu , Chufan Chen , Chenhao Zhou , Hui Qian

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) finds extensive application in autonomous drone navigation within complex, high-risk environments. However, its practical deployment faces a safety-exploration dilemma: soft penalty mechanisms encourage…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Wentao Chen , Jingtang Chen , Mingjian Fu , Tiantian Li , Youfeng Su , Wenxi Liu , Yuanlong Yu

The standard formulation of Reinforcement Learning lacks a practical way of specifying what are admissible and forbidden behaviors. Most often, practitioners go about the task of behavior specification by manually engineering the reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Julien Roy , Roger Girgis , Joshua Romoff , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Christopher Pal

Reinforcement learning is widely used in applications where one needs to perform sequential decisions while interacting with the environment. The problem becomes more challenging when the decision requirement includes satisfying some safety…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-15 Qinbo Bai , Amrit Singh Bedi , Mridul Agarwal , Alec Koppel , Vaneet Aggarwal