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This paper investigates power swing characteristics of grid-forming voltage source converter (GFM-VSC) systems considering the current limitation mode in both non-inertial and inertial GFM-VSC systems. Following grid faults, non-inertial…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-17 Yongxin Xiong , Heng Wu , Yifei Li , Xiongfei Wang

This paper derives closed-form solutions for grid-forming converters with power synchronization control (PSC) by subtly simplifying and factorizing the complex closed-loop models. The solutions can offer clear analytical insights into…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-12-05 Fangzhou Zhao , Tianhua Zhu , Lennart Harnefors , Bo Fan , Heng Wu , Zichao Zhou , Yin Sun , Xiongfei Wang

Grid-forming (GFM) capability requirements are increasingly imposed on grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs). Under large grid disturbances, GFM-VSCs need to remain stable while providing GFM services. Yet, such objectives, as…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-04-24 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) present a significant challenge to the stability and reliability of power systems, especially in grids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Traditional grid-following (GFL) inverters have…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-02 Tamojit Chakraborty , Anamitra Pal , Sam Maleki

Grid-forming voltage source converters (GFM-VSCs) are emerging as a solution for integrating renewable energy resources (RERs) into power systems. GFM-VSCs need a self-synchronisation strategy to ensure that all converters and generators in…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-05 Regulo E. Avila-Martinez , Xavier Guillaud , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist

Grid-forming (GFM) converters are generally expected to exhibit low impedance near the fundamental frequency due to their voltage-source behavior. However, an impedance peak and a negative-resistance region are consistently observed in this…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-19 Chao Wu , Jinhao Wang , Yong Wang , Changjiang Zhan , Frede Blaabjerg

The renewable energy is connected to the power grid through power electronic converters, which are lack of make the inertia of synchronous generator/machine (SM) be lost. The increasing penetration of renewable energy in power system…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-09-15 Yuan Gao , Hai-Peng Ren , Jie Li

This paper studies control interactions between grid-forming (GFM) converters exhibited by power and frequency oscillations in a weakly connected offshore wind power plant (WPP). Two GFM controls are considered, namely virtual synchronous…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-11-15 Sulav Ghimire , Kanakesh V. Kkuni , Gabriel M. G. Guerreiro , Emerson D. Guest , Kim H. Jensen , Guangya Yang

An inevitable consequence of the global power system transition towards nearly 100% renewable-based generation is the loss of conventional bulk generation by synchronous machines, their inertia, and accompanying frequency and voltage…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2019-10-10 Ali Tayyebi , Dominic Groß , Adolfo Anta , Friederich Kupzog , Florian Dörfler

We consider the problem of grid-forming control of power converters in low-inertia power systems. Starting from an average-switch three-phase inverter model, we draw parallels to a synchronous machine (SM) model and propose a novel…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2018-04-27 Catalin Arghir , Taouba Jouini , Florian Dorfler

An inevitable consequence of the global power system transition towards nearly 100% renewable-based generation is the loss of conventional bulk generation by synchronous machines, their inertia, and accompanying frequency and voltage…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-03-11 Ali Tayyebi , Dominic Groß , Adolfo Anta , Friederich Kupzog , Florian Dörfler

Under asymmetrical faults, analyzing the transient stability of grid-forming voltage-source converters (GFM-VSCs) becomes essential because their behavior fundamentally differs from that under symmetrical faults. When current limiting is…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-20 Seongyeon Kim , Ki-Hyun Kim , Shenghui Cui , Jae-Jung Jung

Modern power systems increasingly demand converter-driven generation systems that integrate seamlessly with grid infrastructure. Grid-based converters are particularly advantageous, as they operate in harmony with conventional synchronous…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-09-19 Somayeh Mehri Boroojeni , Ehsan Sharafoddin

A common assumption in both grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) control systems is that they are open-loop (OL) stable in the vicinity of high-frequency resonances. Hence classical loop-shaping approaches are often used for…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-05 Meng Chen , Yufei Xi , Frede Blaabjerg , Lin Cheng , Ioannis Lestas

Having sufficient grid-forming sources is one of the necessary conditions to guarantee the stability in a power system hosting a very large share of inverter-based generation. The grid-forming function has been historically fulfilled by…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-06-08 Dorsan Lepour , Mario Paolone , Guillaume Denis , Carmen Cardozo , Thibault Prevost , Emeline Guiu

Stability of power grids with synchronous generators (SGs) and renewable generation interfaced with grid-forming converters (GFCs) under dc-side current limitation is studied. To that end, we first consider a simple 2-bus test system and…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-01-03 Sayan Samanta , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced system conditions and unbalanced faults. To fully leverage the degrees of freedom of VSCs, we introduce the concept of…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-07-31 Prajwal Bhagwat , Dominic Groß

This letter presents a comprehensive analysis of the stability phenomenon related to the ability of generators to remain in synchronism when subjected to small or large disturbances, in power systems with both synchronous machines and…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-20 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

With the development of renewable energy sources, power systems are gradually evolving into a system comprising both grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) converters. However, the dynamic interaction between the two types of…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-03 Kehao Zhuang , Huanhai Xin , Hangyu Chen , Linbin Huang
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