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Open-ended question answering requires models to find appropriate evidence to form wellreasoned, comprehensive and helpful answers. In practical applications, models also need to engage in extended discussions on potential scenarios closely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Mingxu Tao , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Large language models (LLMs) have raised hopes for automated end-to-end fact-checking, but prior studies report mixed results. As mainstream chatbots increasingly ship with reasoning capabilities and web search tools -- and millions of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Matthew R. DeVerna , Kai-Cheng Yang , Harry Yaojun Yan , Filippo Menczer

Despite the strong language understanding abilities of large language models (LLMs), they still struggle with reliable question answering (QA) over long, structured documents, particularly for numerical reasoning. Financial annual reports…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Yi-Cheng Wang , Wei-An Wang , Chu-Song Chen

Despite the advances in large language models (LLMs), how they use their knowledge for reasoning is not yet well understood. In this study, we propose a method that deconstructs complex real-world questions into a graph, representing each…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Miyoung Ko , Sue Hyun Park , Joonsuk Park , Minjoon Seo

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA) over lengthy contexts is a significant challenge. In industrial settings, this process is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, especially when multiple…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Xiliang Zhu , Shi Zong , David Rossouw

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on question-answering (QA) tasks because of their superior capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, LLM-based QA struggles with complex QA…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Chuangtao Ma , Yongrui Chen , Tianxing Wu , Arijit Khan , Haofen Wang

We introduce RoMQA, the first benchmark for robust, multi-evidence, multi-answer question answering (QA). RoMQA contains clusters of questions that are derived from related constraints mined from the Wikidata knowledge graph. RoMQA…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-16 Victor Zhong , Weijia Shi , Wen-tau Yih , Luke Zettlemoyer

As large language models (LLMs) grow larger and more sophisticated, assessing their "reasoning" capabilities in natural language grows more challenging. Recent question answering (QA) benchmarks that attempt to assess reasoning are often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-01 Matthew Ho , Aditya Sharma , Justin Chang , Michael Saxon , Sharon Levy , Yujie Lu , William Yang Wang

Generalization and robustness to input variation are core desiderata of machine learning research. Language varies along several axes, most importantly, language instance (e.g. French) and domain (e.g. news). While adapting NLP models to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Leon Engländer , Hannah Sterz , Clifton Poth , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematical domains, through intermediate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning before generating final answers. However, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Binxin Gao , Jingjun Han

Long-Form Question Answering (LFQA) involves generating comprehensive, paragraph-level responses to open-ended questions, which poses a significant challenge for evaluation due to the richness of information and flexible response format.…

The task of long-form question answering (LFQA) involves retrieving documents relevant to a given question and using them to generate a paragraph-length answer. While many models have recently been proposed for LFQA, we show in this paper…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-20 Kalpesh Krishna , Aurko Roy , Mohit Iyyer

Parametric knowledge in large language models (LLMs) is a cornerstone of their success, yet remains poorly understood. Existing knowledge benchmarks typically rely on predefined questions (e.g., "What is the birth date of M.L. King?"),…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Luca Giordano , Simon Razniewski

There is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-form medical question answering (QA). Most existing medical QA evaluation benchmarks focus on automatic metrics and multiple-choice questions. While valuable,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Pedram Hosseini , Jessica M. Sin , Bing Ren , Bryceton G. Thomas , Elnaz Nouri , Ali Farahanchi , Saeed Hassanpour

Question answering systems are typically evaluated on factual correctness, yet many real-world applications-such as education and career guidance-require mentorship: responses that provide reflection and guidance. Existing QA benchmarks…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Parth Bhalerao , Diola Dsouza , Ruiwen Guan , Oana Ignat

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Automatic fact-checking plays a crucial role in combating the spread of misinformation. Large Language Models (LLMs) and Instruction-Following variants, such as InstructGPT and Alpaca, have shown remarkable performance in various natural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-04 Tsun-Hin Cheung , Kin-Man Lam

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Many individuals are likely to face a legal dispute at some point in their lives, but their lack of understanding of how to navigate these complex issues often renders them vulnerable. The advancement of natural language processing opens…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-02 Antoine Louis , Gijs van Dijck , Gerasimos Spanakis

Long-form legal reasoning remains a key challenge for large language models (LLMs) in spite of recent advances in test-time scaling. To address this, we introduce LEXam, a novel benchmark derived from 340 law exams spanning 116 law school…