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Passwords are a good idea, in theory. They have the potential to act as a fairly strong gateway. In practice though, passwords are plagued with problems. They are (1) easily shared, (2) trivial to observe and (3) maddeningly elusive when…

A secure human identification protocol aims at authenticating human users to a remote server when even the users' inputs are not hidden from an adversary. Recently, the authors proposed a human identification protocol in the RSA Conference…

Millions of users routinely use Google to log in to websites supporting OAuth 2.0 or OpenID Connect; the security of OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect is therefore of critical importance. As revealed in previous studies, in practice RPs often…

Though not yet widely deployed, password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocols have been the subject of several recent standardization efforts, partly because of their resistance against various guessing attacks, but also because they…

Frontier AI developers may fail to align or control highly-capable AI agents. In many cases, it could be useful to have emergency shutdown mechanisms which effectively prevent misaligned agents from carrying out harmful actions in the…

In this paper we analyze different biometric authentication protocols considering an internal adversary. Our contribution takes place at two levels. On the one hand, we introduce a new comprehensive framework that encompasses the various…

The emergence of various technologies has since pushed researchers to develop new protocols that support high density data transmissions in Wide Area Networks. Many of these protocols are TCP protocol variants, which have demonstrated…

The practical deployment of vehicular networks is still a pending issue. In this paper we describe a new self-organized method of authentication for VANETs, which allows their widespread, fast and secure implementation. Our proposal does…

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology one of the most promising technologies in the field of ubiquitous computing. Indeed, RFID technology may well replace barcode technology. Although it offers many advantages over other…

Passwords are a fragile, inadequate, and insecure tool for authenticating users, and are especially fraught with problems when used to secure access to network resources and services. In many cases, passwords provide a false sense of…

In Part I of this two-part paper on confidential communication over wireless channels, we studied the fundamental security limits of quasi-static fading channels from the point of view of outage secrecy capacity with perfect and imperfect…

We propose a robust transformer architecture designed to prevent prompt injection attacks and ensure secure, reliable response generation. Our PICO (Prompt Isolation and Cybersecurity Oversight) framework structurally separates trusted…

The Denial-of-service (DoS) attack is considered one of the largest threats to the availability of cloud-computing services. Due to the unique architecture of cloud-computing systems, the methods for detecting and preventing DoS attacks are…

CAPTCHAs are a defense mechanism to prevent malicious bot programs from abusing websites on the Internet. hCaptcha is a relatively new but emerging image CAPTCHA service. This paper presents an automated system that can break hCaptcha…

The authentication field is evolving towards mechanisms able to keep users continuously authenticated without the necessity of remembering or possessing authentication credentials. While existing continuous authentication systems have…

Nowadays, user authentication is one of the important topics in information security. Strong textbased password schemes could provide with certain degree of security. However, the fact that strong passwords are difficult to memorize often…

To this date, CAPTCHAs have served as the first line of defense preventing unauthorized access by (malicious) bots to web-based services, while at the same time maintaining a trouble-free experience for human visitors. However, recent work…

Owing to the increase in 'certified' phishing websites, there is a steady increase in the number of phishing cases and general susceptibility to phishing. Trust mechanisms (e.g., HTTPS Lock Indicators, SSL Certificates) that help…

In this paper, we proposed an identification and data encrypt key manage protocol that can be used in some security system based on such secure devices as secure USB memories or RFIDs, which are widely used for identifying persons or other…

Authentication is one of the essential security services in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for ensuring secure data sessions. Sensor node authentication ensures the confidentiality and validity of data collected by the sensor node, whereas…