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There is a recent trend in machine learning to increase model quality by growing models to sizes previously thought to be unreasonable. Recent work has shown that autoregressive generative models with cross-entropy objective functions…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-06-18 Jasha Droppo , Oguz Elibol

Scale has been a major driving force in improving machine learning performance, and understanding scaling laws is essential for strategic planning for a sustainable model quality performance growth, long-term resource planning and…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-08-19 Newsha Ardalani , Carole-Jean Wu , Zeliang Chen , Bhargav Bhushanam , Adnan Aziz

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) have provided useful guidance in training ever larger models for predictable performance gains. Time series forecasting shares a similar sequential structure to language, and is amenable to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-09 Thomas D. P. Edwards , James Alvey , Justin Alsing , Nam H. Nguyen , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Low precision training and inference affect both the quality and cost of language models, but current scaling laws do not account for this. In this work, we devise "precision-aware" scaling laws for both training and inference. We propose…

Recent studies have found that model performance has a smooth power-law relationship, or scaling laws, with training data and model size, for a wide range of problems. These scaling laws allow one to choose nearly optimal data and model…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-06-29 Yile Gu , Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Jari Kolehmainen , Ankur Gandhe , Ariya Rastrow , Ivan Bulyko

Understanding how language model performance varies with scale is critical to benchmark and algorithm development. Scaling laws are one approach to building this understanding, but the requirement of training models across many different…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Yangjun Ruan , Chris J. Maddison , Tatsunori Hashimoto

The scaling law, a cornerstone of Large Language Model (LLM) development, predicts improvements in model performance with increasing computational resources. Yet, while empirically validated, its theoretical underpinnings remain poorly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Chiwun Yang

Deep learning has recently revealed the existence of scaling laws, demonstrating that model performance follows predictable trends based on dataset and model sizes. Inspired by these findings and fascinating phenomena emerging in the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-10 Mattia Rosso , Simone Rossi , Giulio Franzese , Markus Heinonen , Maurizio Filippone

We study empirical scaling laws for transfer learning between distributions in an unsupervised, fine-tuning setting. When we train increasingly large neural networks from-scratch on a fixed-size dataset, they eventually become data-limited…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-03 Danny Hernandez , Jared Kaplan , Tom Henighan , Sam McCandlish

While scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) during pre-training have been extensively studied, their behavior under reinforcement learning (RL) post-training remains largely unexplored. This paper presents a systematic empirical…

When using Large Language Models (LLMs) to support Knowledge Graph Engineering (KGE), one of the first indications when searching for an appropriate model is its size. According to the scaling laws, larger models typically show higher…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Desiree Heim , Lars-Peter Meyer , Markus Schröder , Johannes Frey , Andreas Dengel

We demonstrate the emergence of scaling laws in the benchmark top versus QCD jet classification problem in collider physics. Six distinct physically-motivated classifiers exhibit power-law scaling of the binary cross-entropy test loss as a…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-12-06 Joshua Batson , Yonatan Kahn

The laws of model size, data volume, computation and model performance have been extensively studied in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, the scaling laws in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) have not yet been…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-02-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Chuanjian Liu , Yunhe Wang , Kai Han

Recently a number of empirical "universal" scaling law papers have been published, most notably by OpenAI. `Scaling laws' refers to power-law decreases of training or test error w.r.t. more data, larger neural networks, and/or more compute.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-15 Marcus Hutter

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) predict model performance based on parameters like size and training data. However, differences in training configurations and data processing across model families lead to significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Felipe Maia Polo , Seamus Somerstep , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

Empirically-determined scaling laws have been broadly successful in predicting the evolution of large machine learning models with training data and number of parameters. As a consequence, they have been useful for optimizing the allocation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-26 Katherine L. Mentzer , Andrea Montanari

Modern foundation models rely heavily on using scaling laws to guide crucial training decisions. Researchers often extrapolate the optimal architecture and hyper parameters settings from smaller training runs by describing the relationship…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Luke Zettlemoyer

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) highlight a strong connection between intelligence and compression. Learned image compression, a fundamental task in modern data compression, has made significant progress in recent years.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-13 Yuqi Li , Haotian Zhang , Li Li , Dong Liu , Feng Wu

Recent works have shown that machine learning models improve at a predictable rate with the total amount of training data, leading to scaling laws that describe the relationship between error and dataset size. These scaling laws can help…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Ian Covert , Wenlong Ji , Tatsunori Hashimoto , James Zou

The performance of embodied agents has been shown to improve by increasing model parameters, dataset size, and compute. This has been demonstrated in domains from robotics to video games, when generative learning objectives on offline…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Tim Pearce , Tabish Rashid , Dave Bignell , Raluca Georgescu , Sam Devlin , Katja Hofmann