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We introduce gec-metrics, a library for using and developing grammatical error correction (GEC) evaluation metrics through a unified interface. Our library enables fair system comparisons by ensuring that everyone conducts evaluations using…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

In Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), sequence labeling models enjoy fast inference compared to sequence-to-sequence models; however, inference in sequence labeling GEC models is an iterative process, as sentences are passed to the model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-01 Kevin Parnow , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Esperanto is a widespread constructed language, known for its regular grammar and productive word formation. Besides having substantial resources available thanks to its online community, it remains relatively underexplored in the context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Ona de Gibert , Lluís de Gibert

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) and grammatical acceptability judgment (COLA) are core tasks in natural language processing, sharing foundational grammatical knowledge yet typically evolving independently. This paper introduces COLA-GEC,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Xiangyu Yang , Xinying Qiu

Automated essay scoring (AES) to evaluate second language (L2) proficiency has been a firmly established technology used in educational contexts for decades. Although holistic scoring has seen advancements in AES that match or even exceed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Stefano Bannò , Hari Krishna Vydana , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) aims to correct writing errors and help language learners improve their writing skills. However, existing GEC models tend to produce spurious corrections or fail to detect lots of errors. The quality…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-11 Zhenghao Liu , Xiaoyuan Yi , Maosong Sun , Liner Yang , Tat-Seng Chua

Grammatical Error Detection (GED) methods rely heavily on human annotated error corpora. However, these annotations are unavailable in many low-resource languages. In this paper, we investigate GED in this context. Leveraging the zero-shot…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Gaetan Lopez Latouche , Marc-André Carbonneau , Ben Swanson

We describe an approach to Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) that is effective at making use of models trained on large amounts of weakly supervised bitext. We train the Transformer sequence-to-sequence model on 4B tokens of Wikipedia…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-11-06 Jared Lichtarge , Christopher Alberti , Shankar Kumar , Noam Shazeer , Niki Parmar

To solve the Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) problem , a mapping between a source sequence and a target one is needed, where the two differ only on few spans. For this reason, the attention has been shifted to the non-autoregressive or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 Kamal Al-Sabahi , Kang Yang , Wangwang Liu , Guanyu Jiang , Xian Li , Ming Yang

This study investigates how supervised quality estimation (QE) models of grammatical error correction (GEC) are affected by the learners' proficiency with the data. QE models for GEC evaluations in prior work have obtained a high…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-01-19 Yujin Takahashi , Masahiro Kaneko , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi

Spoken Grammatical Error Correction (SGEC) and Feedback (SGECF) are crucial for second language learners, teachers and test takers. Traditional SGEC systems rely on a cascaded pipeline consisting of an ASR, a module for disfluency detection…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Mengjie Qian , Rao Ma , Stefano Bannò , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

Neural machine translation systems have become state-of-the-art approaches for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) task. In this paper, we propose a copy-augmented architecture for the GEC task by copying the unchanged words from the source…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-06-12 Wei Zhao , Liang Wang , Kewei Shen , Ruoyu Jia , Jingming Liu

Grammatical Error Detection and Correction (GEC) tools have proven useful for native speakers and second language learners. Developing such tools requires a large amount of parallel, annotated data, which is unavailable for most languages.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-21 Atakan Kara , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Andrew Bond , Gözde Gül Şahin

Studies on grammatical error correction (GEC) have reported the effectiveness of pretraining a Seq2Seq model with a large amount of pseudodata. However, this approach requires time-consuming pretraining for GEC because of the size of the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Satoru Katsumata , Mamoru Komachi

Decoder-only large language models have shown superior performance in the fluency-edit English Grammatical Error Correction, but their adaptation for minimal-edit English GEC is still underexplored. To improve their effectiveness in the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Ryszard Staruch , Filip Graliński , Daniel Dzienisiewicz

Automatic evaluation in grammatical error correction (GEC) is crucial for selecting the best-performing systems. Currently, reference-based metrics are a popular choice, which basically measure the similarity between hypothesis and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has been broadly applied in automatic correction and proofreading system recently. However, it is still immature in Chinese GEC due to limited high-quality data from native speakers in terms of category…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-08 Lvxiaowei Xu , Jianwang Wu , Jiawei Peng , Jiayu Fu , Ming Cai

The present study aims to explore the capabilities of Language Models (LMs) in tackling high-stakes multiple-choice tests, represented here by the Exame Nacional do Ensino M\'edio (ENEM), a multidisciplinary entrance examination widely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Desnes Nunes , Ricardo Primi , Ramon Pires , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Various evaluation metrics have been proposed for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), but many, particularly reference-free metrics, lack explainability. This lack of explainability hinders researchers from analyzing the strengths and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Takumi Goto , Justin Vasselli , Taro Watanabe

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has been recently modeled using the sequence-to-sequence framework. However, unlike sequence transduction problems such as machine translation, GEC suffers from the lack of plentiful parallel data. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-04-12 Jared Lichtarge , Chris Alberti , Shankar Kumar , Noam Shazeer , Niki Parmar , Simon Tong