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Machine learning models are prone to making incorrect predictions on inputs that are far from the training distribution. This hinders their deployment in safety-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles and healthcare. The detection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-26 Ramneet Kaur , Kaustubh Sridhar , Sangdon Park , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

The safe deployment of machine learning and AI models in open-world settings hinges critically on the ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data accurately, data samples that contrast vastly from what the model was trained with.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Andrija Djurisic , Rosanne Liu , Mladen Nikolic

In medical imaging, unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) detection offers an attractive approach for identifying pathological cases with extremely low incidence rates. In contrast to supervised methods, OOD-based approaches function…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Lemar Abdi , Francisco Caetano , Amaan Valiuddin , Christiaan Viviers , Hamdi Joudeh , Fons van der Sommen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Deep Neural Networks for classification behave unpredictably when confronted with inputs not stemming from the training distribution. This motivates out-of-distribution detection (OOD) mechanisms. The usual lack of prior information on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-03-02 Konstantin Kirchheim , Tim Gonschorek , Frank Ortmeier

As language models become more general purpose, increased attention needs to be paid to detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances, i.e., those not belonging to any of the distributions seen during training. Existing methods for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Aryan Gulati , Xingjian Dong , Carlos Hurtado , Sarath Shekkizhar , Swabha Swayamdipta , Antonio Ortega

In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines deep metric learning and synthetic data generation using diffusion models for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. One popular approach for OOD detection is outlier exposure, where…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-02 Assefa Seyoum Wahd

Predictive models often degrade in performance due to evolving data distributions, a phenomenon known as data drift. Among its forms, concept drift, where the relationship between explanatory variables and the response variable changes, is…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-18 Ugur Dar , Mustafa Cavus

Recent research underscores the pivotal role of the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) feature representation field scale in determining the efficacy of models in OOD detection. Consequently, the adoption of model ensembles has emerged as a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-19 Chenhui Xu , Fuxun Yu , Zirui Xu , Nathan Inkawhich , Xiang Chen

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

Safe deployment of machine learning (ML) models in safety-critical domains such as medical imaging requires detecting inputs with characteristics not seen during training, known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, to prevent unreliable…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Felix Wagner , Pramit Saha , Harry Anthony , J. Alison Noble , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial to modern deep learning applications by identifying and alerting about the OOD samples that should not be tested or used for making predictions. Current OOD detection methods have made…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-22 Xinheng Wu , Jie Lu , Zhen Fang , Guangquan Zhang

Deploying machine learning in open environments presents the challenge of encountering diverse test inputs that differ significantly from the training data. These out-of-distribution samples may exhibit shifts in local or global features…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Jiawei Li , Sitong Li , Shanshan Wang , Yicheng Zeng , Falong Tan , Chuanlong Xie

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the trustworthiness of AI systems. Methods using prior information (i.e., subspace-based methods) have shown effective performance by extracting information geometry to detect OOD data…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Kaiyu Guo , Zijian Wang , Tan Pan , Brian C. Lovell , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies test samples that differ from the training data, which is critical to ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning (ML) systems. While a plethora of methods have been developed to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Viet Duong , Qiong Wu , Zhengyi Zhou , Eric Zavesky , Jiahe Chen , Xiangzhou Liu , Wen-Ling Hsu , Huajie Shao

Trajectory prediction is central to the safe and seamless operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In deployment, however, prediction models inevitably face distribution shifts between training data and real-world conditions, where rare or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Tongfei Guo , Lili Su

Highly complex deep learning models are increasingly integrated into modern cyber-physical systems (CPS), many of which have strict safety requirements. One problem arising from this is that deep learning lacks interpretability, operating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-27 Yeli Feng , Arvind Easwaran

In AI-driven medical imaging, the failure to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses a severe risk to clinical reliability, potentially leading to critical diagnostic errors. Current OOD detection methods often demand impractical…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Dariush Lotfi , Mohammad-Ali Nikouei Mahani , Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam , Kyongtae Ty Bae

Deep Learning models are easily disturbed by variations in the input images that were not seen during training, resulting in unpredictable behaviours. Such Out-of-Distribution (OOD) images represent a significant challenge in the context of…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-10-28 Benjamin Lambert , Florence Forbes , Senan Doyle , Alan Tucholka , Michel Dojat

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar