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Machine learning models have made incredible progress, but they still struggle when applied to examples from unseen domains. This study focuses on a specific problem of domain generalization, where a model is trained on one source domain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Tao Feng , Lizhen Qu , Zhuang Li , Haolan Zhan , Yuncheng Hua , Gholamreza Haffari

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is indispensable for safely deploying machine learning models in the wild. One of the key challenges is that models lack supervision signals from unknown data, and as a result, can produce overconfident…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-07 Leitian Tao , Xuefeng Du , Xiaojin Zhu , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies test samples that differ from the training data, which is critical to ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning (ML) systems. While a plethora of methods have been developed to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Viet Duong , Qiong Wu , Zhengyi Zhou , Eric Zavesky , Jiahe Chen , Xiangzhou Liu , Wen-Ling Hsu , Huajie Shao

Traditional machine learning methods heavily rely on the independent and identically distribution assumption, which imposes limitations when the test distribution deviates from the training distribution. To address this crucial issue,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Qin Tian , Wenjun Wang , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Wang Zhang , Dong Li

Modern machine learning models deployed often encounter distribution shifts in real-world applications, manifesting as covariate or semantic out-of-distribution (OOD) shifts. These shifts give rise to challenges in OOD generalization and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Haoyue Bai , Jifan Zhang , Robert Nowak

Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) is a challenging topic that has promising prospects in many realistic scenarios. Using a gating mechanism that discriminates the unseen samples from the seen samples can decompose the GZSL problem to a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-01-04 Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan , Fuchun Sun , Nanning Zheng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models. Existing methods mostly focus on regular entangled representations to discriminate in-distribution (ID) and OOD data, neglecting the rich…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Boyang Dai , Chaoqi Chen , Yizhou Yu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization deals with the prevalent learning scenario where test distribution shifts from training distribution. With rising application demands and inherent complexity, graph OOD problems call for specialized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Xiner Li , Shurui Gui , Youzhi Luo , Shuiwang Ji

Most deep-learning-based image classification methods assume that all samples are generated under an independent and identically distributed (IID) setting. However, out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is more common in practice, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Xin Guo , Zhengxu Yu , Chao Xiang , Zhongming Jin , Jianqiang Huang , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Xian-Sheng Hua

We introduce powerful ideas from Hyperdimensional Computing into the challenging field of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection. In contrast to most existing work that performs OOD detection based on only a single layer of a neural network,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-31 Samuel Wilson , Tobias Fischer , Niko Sünderhauf , Feras Dayoub

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the robustness of machine learning models by identifying samples that deviate from the training distribution. While traditional OOD detection has primarily focused on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Shawn Li , Huixian Gong , Hao Dong , Tiankai Yang , Zhengzhong Tu , Yue Zhao

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization has become a primary metric for evaluating image analysis systems. Since deep learning models tend to capture domain-specific context, they often develop shortcut dependencies on these non-causal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Haoran Pei , Yuguang Yang , Kexin Liu , Juan Zhang , Baochang Zhang

Modern machine learning models deployed in the wild can encounter both covariate and semantic shifts, giving rise to the problems of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization and OOD detection respectively. While both problems have received…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-22 Haoyue Bai , Gregory Canal , Xuefeng Du , Jeongyeol Kwon , Robert Nowak , Yixuan Li

Deep models often fail to generalize well in test domains when the data distribution differs from that in the training domain. Among numerous approaches to address this Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization problem, there has been a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Qixun Wang , Yifei Wang , Hong Zhu , Yisen Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning systems. For instance, in autonomous driving, we would like the driving system to issue an alert and hand over the control to humans…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Jingkang Yang , Kaiyang Zhou , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Jingqiu Zhou , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li