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Large language models (LLMs) have advanced to a point that even humans have difficulty discerning whether a text was generated by another human, or by a computer. However, knowing whether a text was produced by human or artificial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Svetlana Kiritchenko

As generative AI models produce increasingly realistic output, both academia and industry are focusing on the ability to detect whether an output was generated by an AI model or not. Many of the research efforts and policy discourse are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Houssam Kherraz

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for text generation, watermarking has become essential for authorship attribution, intellectual property protection, and misuse detection. While existing watermarking methods perform…

With the increasing use of large-language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, watermarking has emerged as a promising approach for tracing machine-generated content. However, research on LLM watermarking often relies on simple perplexity or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-06 Karanpartap Singh , James Zou

The strong general capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) bring potential ethical risks if they are unrestrictedly accessible to malicious users. Token-level watermarking inserts watermarks in the generated texts by altering the token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-17 Yuhang Li , Yihan Wang , Zhouxing Shi , Cho-Jui Hsieh

The rapid advancement of LLMs (Large Language Models) has established them as a foundational technology for many AI and ML-powered human computer interactions. A critical challenge in this context is the attribution of LLM-generated text --…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Jarosław Janas , Paweł Morawiecki , Josef Pieprzyk

Potential harms of Large Language Models such as mass misinformation and plagiarism can be partially mitigated if there exists a reliable way to detect machine generated text. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method to detect…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-12 Kaan Efe Keleş , Ömer Kaan Gürbüz , Mucahid Kutlu

As large language models (LLM) are increasingly used for text generation tasks, it is critical to audit their usages, govern their applications, and mitigate their potential harms. Existing watermark techniques are shown effective in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-09 Chaoyi Zhu , Jeroen Galjaard , Pin-Yu Chen , Lydia Y. Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. Based on these LLMs, businesses have started to provide Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS), offering feature extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Anudeex Shetty

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

Watermarking has recently emerged as an effective strategy for detecting the outputs of large language models (LLMs). Most existing schemes require white-box access to the model's next-token probability distribution, which is typically not…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Dara Bahri , John Wieting

The expansion of the open source community and the rise of large language models have raised ethical and security concerns on the distribution of source code, such as misconduct on copyrighted code, distributions without proper licenses, or…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-03 Borui Yang , Wei Li , Liyao Xiang , Bo Li

Multi-bit watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for embedding imperceptible binary messages into Large Language Model (LLM)-generated text, enabling reliable attribution and tracing of malicious usage of LLMs. Despite recent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Jiahao Xu , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Zikai Zhang

Code datasets are of immense value for training neural-network-based code completion models, where companies or organizations have made substantial investments to establish and process these datasets. Unluckily, these datasets, either built…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-08-29 Zhensu Sun , Xiaoning Du , Fu Song , Li Li

To mitigate the potential misuse of large language models (LLMs), recent research has developed watermarking algorithms, which restrict the generation process to leave an invisible trace for watermark detection. Due to the two-stage nature…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Shangqing Tu , Yuliang Sun , Yushi Bai , Jifan Yu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

LLM watermarks stand out as a promising way to attribute ownership of LLM-generated text. One threat to watermark credibility comes from spoofing attacks, where an unauthorized third party forges the watermark, enabling it to falsely…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Thibaud Gloaguen , Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

We present a publicly-detectable watermarking scheme for LMs: the detection algorithm contains no secret information, and it is executable by anyone. We embed a publicly-verifiable cryptographic signature into LM output using rejection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Jaiden Fairoze , Sanjam Garg , Somesh Jha , Saeed Mahloujifar , Mohammad Mahmoody , Mingyuan Wang

Recent advances in natural language generation have introduced powerful language models with high-quality output text. However, this raises concerns about the potential misuse of such models for malicious purposes. In this paper, we study…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-30 Sahar Abdelnabi , Mario Fritz

Since the remarkable generation performance of large language models raised ethical and legal concerns, approaches to detect machine-generated text by embedding watermarks are being developed. However, we discover that the existing works…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Taehyun Lee , Seokhee Hong , Jaewoo Ahn , Ilgee Hong , Hwaran Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Jamin Shin , Gunhee Kim

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang