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In this paper we present an FPGA-based implementation of linear programming (LP) decoding. LP decoding frames error correction as an optimization problem. This is in contrast to variants of belief propagation (BP) decoding that view error…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2016-05-23 Mitchell Wasson , Mario Milicevic , Stark C. Draper , Glenn Gulak

Motivated by the problem of detecting AI-generated text, we consider the problem of watermarking the output of language models with provable guarantees. We aim for watermarks which satisfy: (a) undetectability, a cryptographic notion…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Noah Golowich , Ankur Moitra

Due to the speed limitation of the conventional bit-chosen strategy in the existing weighted bit flipping algorithms, a high-speed LDPC decoder cannot be realized. To solve this problem, we propose a fast weighted bit flipping (FWBF)…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2012-06-18 Kexiang Ma , Yongzhao Li , Caizhi Zhu , Hailin Zhang , Feng Qi

The ability to embed watermarks in images is a fundamental problem of interest for computer vision, and is exacerbated by the rapid rise of generated imagery in recent times. Current state-of-the-art techniques suffer from computational and…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-17 Vinay Shukla , Prachee Sharma , Ryan Rossi , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Aditya Grover

One of the effective methods for the preservation of copyright ownership of digital media is watermarking. Different watermarking techniques try to set a tradeoff between robustness and transparency of the process. In this research work, we…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2019-11-05 Maedeh Jamali , Mahnoosh Bagheri , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

While existing audio watermarking techniques have achieved strong robustness against traditional digital signal processing (DSP) attacks, they remain vulnerable to neural resynthesis. This occurs because modern neural audio codecs act as…

Watermarking has recently emerged as an effective strategy for detecting the outputs of large language models (LLMs). Most existing schemes require white-box access to the model's next-token probability distribution, which is typically not…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Dara Bahri , John Wieting

Since ChatGPT was introduced in November 2022, embedding (nearly) unnoticeable statistical signals into text generated by large language models (LLMs), also known as watermarking, has been used as a principled approach to provable detection…

统计理论 · 数学 2025-08-28 Xiang Li , Feng Ruan , Huiyuan Wang , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

The proliferation of open-source code and large language models (LLMs) for code generation has amplified the risks of unauthorized reuse and intellectual property infringement. Source code watermarking offers a potential solution, yet…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Rui Xu , Jiawei Chen , Weizhi Liu , Zhaoxia Yin , Cong Kong , Xinpeng Zhang

Due to the current progress in Internet, digital contents (video, audio and images) are widely used. Distribution of multimedia contents is now faster and it allows for easy unauthorized reproduction of information. Digital watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-10-25 Mohamed Hamidi , Mohamed El Haziti , Hocine Cherifi , Driss Aboutajdine

Scalable coding, which can adapt to channel bandwidth variation, performs well in today's complex network environment. However, most existing scalable compression methods face two challenges: reduced compression performance and insufficient…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-03 Yongqi Zhai , Yi Ma , Luyang Tang , Wei Jiang , Ronggang Wang

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to identifying AI-generated text. Existing approaches, however, either compromise the distribution of original generated text by LLMs or are limited to embedding…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Ya Jiang , Chuxiong Wu , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Brian Mark , Kai Zeng

Digital watermarking is extensively used in ownership authentication and copyright protection. In this paper, we propose an efficient thresholding scheme to improve the watermark embedding procedure in an image. For the proposed algorithm,…

This work provides to web users copyright protection of their Portable Document Format (PDF) documents by proposing efficient and easily implementable techniques for PDF watermarking; our techniques are based on the ideas of our recently…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2015-01-13 Maria Chroni , Stavros D. Nikolopoulos

Digital watermarking is a promising solution for mitigating some of the risks arising from the misuse of automatically generated text. These approaches either embed non-specific watermarks to allow for the detection of any text generated by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Zihao Fu , Chris Russell

In this paper, we introduce a new way of constructing and decoding multipermutation codes. Multipermutations are permutations of a multiset that generally consist of duplicate entries. We first introduce a class of binary matrices called…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2015-07-29 Xishuo Liu , Stark C. Draper

Watermarking by altering token sampling probabilities based on red-green list is a promising method for tracing the origin of text generated by large language models (LLMs). However, existing watermark methods often struggle with a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Zongqi Wang , Tianle Gu , Baoyuan Wu , Yujiu Yang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in natural language processing tasks, but their ability to generate human-quality text raises significant ethical and operational concerns in settings…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-27 Adam Block , Ayush Sekhari , Alexander Rakhlin

Large language model (LLM) watermarks enable authentication of text provenance, curb misuse of machine-generated text, and promote trust in AI systems. Current watermarks operate by changing the next-token predictions output by an LLM. The…

Fair-density parity-check (FDPC) codes have been recently introduced demonstrating improved performance compared to low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes standardized in 5G systems particularly in high-rate regimes. In this paper, we…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Niloufar Hosseinzadeh , Mohsen Moradi , Hessam Mahdavifar