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In the era of large language models (LLMs), code benchmarks have become an important research area in software engineering and are widely used by practitioners. These benchmarks evaluate the performance of LLMs on specific code-related…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Zhiyuan Pan , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

LLMs are sensitive to prompting, with task performance often hinging on subtle, sometimes imperceptible variations in phrasing. As a result, crafting effective prompts manually remains challenging and time-consuming. Recent automatic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Pawel Batorski , Paul Swoboda

Progress in AI is often demonstrated by new models claiming improved performance on tasks measuring model capabilities. Evaluating language models can be particularly challenging, as choices of how a model is evaluated on a task can lead to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Yuling Gu , Oyvind Tafjord , Bailey Kuehl , Dany Haddad , Jesse Dodge , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large language models (LLMs) have made impressive progress in natural language processing. These models rely on proper human instructions (or prompts) to generate suitable responses. However, the potential of LLMs are not fully harnessed by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Xinyu Hu , Pengfei Tang , Simiao Zuo , Zihan Wang , Bowen Song , Qiang Lou , Jian Jiao , Denis Charles

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are increasingly taking the form of sophisticated modular pipelines, e.g., Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), where each module may involve a distinct Language Model (LM) and an associated prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Dilara Soylu , Christopher Potts , Omar Khattab

Despite the recent ubiquity of large language models and their high zero-shot prompted performance across a wide range of tasks, it is still not known how well they perform on tasks which require processing of potentially idiomatic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-16 Dylan Phelps , Thomas Pickard , Maggie Mi , Edward Gow-Smith , Aline Villavicencio

While task-specific demonstrations show early success in applying large language models (LLMs) to automate some astronomical research tasks, they only provide incomplete views of all necessary capabilities in solving astronomy problems,…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2025-10-08 Lucas Carrit Delgado Pinheiro , Ziru Chen , Bruno Caixeta Piazza , Ness Shroff , Yingbin Liang , Yuan-Sen Ting , Huan Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have become mainstream technology with their versatile use cases and impressive performance. Despite the countless out-of-the-box applications, LLMs are still not reliable. A lot of work is being done to improve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-13 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

Optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) performance requires well-crafted prompts, but manual prompt engineering is labor-intensive and often ineffective. Automated prompt optimization techniques address this challenge but the majority of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-20 Ximing Dong , Shaowei Wang , Dayi Lin , Ahmed E. Hassan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

A well-executed graphic design typically achieves harmony in two levels, from the fine-grained design elements (color, font and layout) to the overall design. This complexity makes the comprehension of graphic design challenging, for it…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-24 Jieru Lin , Danqing Huang , Tiejun Zhao , Dechen Zhan , Chin-Yew Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated grading, but their outputs can be unreliable. Rather than improving grading accuracy directly, we address a complementary problem: \textit{predicting when an LLM grader is likely to be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Robinson Ferrer , Damla Turgut , Zhongzhou Chen , Shashank Sonkar

Prompt optimization algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in multi-step reasoning but still lack effective uncertainty estimation. This paper introduces a benchmark dataset to evaluate uncertainty metrics, focusing on Answer,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

We present FLUKE (Framework for LingUistically-driven and tasK-agnostic robustness Evaluation), a framework for assessing model robustness through systematic minimal variations of test data. FLUKE introduces controlled variations across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Yulia Otmakhova , Hung Thinh Truong , Rahmad Mahendra , Zenan Zhai , Rongxin Zhu , Daniel Beck , Jey Han Lau

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly tuned to power complex generation tasks such as writing, fact-seeking, querying and reasoning. Traditionally, human or model feedback for evaluating and further tuning LLM performance has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Yukti Makhija , Priyanka Agrawal , Rishi Saket , Aravindan Raghuveer

Gradient-free prompt optimization methods have made significant strides in enhancing the performance of closed-source Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. However, existing approaches make light of the importance of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Muchen Yang , Moxin Li , Yongle Li , Zijun Chen , Chongming Gao , Junqi Zhang , Yangyang Li , Fuli Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in empirical software engineering (ESE) to automate or assist annotation tasks such as labeling commits, issues, and qualitative artifacts. Yet the reliability and reproducibility of such…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Mia Mohammad Imran , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable success in natural language generation but lesser focus has been given to their applicability in decision making tasks such as classification. We show that LLMs like LLaMa can achieve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Vikas Yadav , Zheng Tang , Vijay Srinivasan

This paper describes the DSBA submissions to the Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics shared task, where systems were submitted to two tracks: small and large summarization tracks. With advanced Large Language Models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-08 Joonghoon Kim , Saeran Park , Kiyoon Jeong , Sangmin Lee , Seung Hun Han , Jiyoon Lee , Pilsung Kang

Prompt design is a primary control interface for large language models (LLMs), yet standard evaluations largely reduce performance to answer correctness, obscuring why a prompt succeeds or fails and providing little actionable guidance. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Minki Hong , Eunsoo Lee , Sohyun Park , Jihie Kim