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With the increase in computation power and the development of new state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, appearance-based gaze estimation is becoming more and more popular. It is believed to work well with curated laboratory data sets,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-09-28 Nairit Bandyopadhyay , Sébastien Riou , Didier Schwab

Learning-based methods are believed to work well for unconstrained gaze estimation, i.e. gaze estimation from a monocular RGB camera without assumptions regarding user, environment, or camera. However, current gaze datasets were collected…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2017-11-27 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Mario Fritz , Andreas Bulling

In recent years, the accuracy of gaze estimation techniques has gradually improved, but existing methods often rely on large datasets or large models to improve performance, which leads to high demands on computational resources. In terms…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Zhang Cheng , Yanxia Wang , Guoyu Xia

Inspired by recent successes of deep learning in computer vision, we propose a novel application of deep convolutional neural networks to facial expression recognition, in particular smile recognition. A smile recognition test accuracy of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2017-07-26 Patrick O. Glauner

Face swapping combines one face's identity with another face's non-appearance attributes (expression, head pose, lighting) to generate a synthetic face. This technology is rapidly improving, but falls flat when reconstructing some…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Ethan Wilson , Frederick Shic , Eakta Jain

The complex application scenarios have raised critical requirements for precise and generalizable gaze estimation methods. Recently, the pre-trained CLIP has achieved remarkable performance on various vision tasks, but its potentials have…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Lin Zhang , Yi Tian , XiYun Wang , Wanru Xu , Yi Jin , Yaping Huang

Despite decades of research on data collection and model architectures, current gaze estimation models encounter significant challenges in generalizing across diverse data domains. Recent advances in self-supervised pre-training have shown…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Jiawei Qin , Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano

Appearance-based gaze estimation has shown great promise in many applications by using a single general-purpose camera as the input device. However, its success is highly depending on the availability of large-scale well-annotated gaze…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Lingyu Du , Xucong Zhang , Guohao Lan

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has become prevalent for learning representations in computer vision. Notably, SSL exploits contrastive learning to encourage visual representations to be invariant under various image transformations. The…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-25 Swati Jindal , Roberto Manduchi

Gaze estimation methods learn eye gaze from facial features. However, among rich information in the facial image, real gaze-relevant features only correspond to subtle changes in eye region, while other gaze-irrelevant features like…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-12-24 Yihua Cheng , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

We tackle the problem of predicting saliency maps for videos of dynamic scenes. We note that the accuracy of the maps reconstructed from the gaze data of a fixed number of observers varies with the frame, as it depends on the content of the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-11-23 Ekta Prashnani , Orazio Gallo , Joohwan Kim , Josef Spjut , Pradeep Sen , Iuri Frosio

Inter-personal anatomical differences limit the accuracy of person-independent gaze estimation networks. Yet there is a need to lower gaze errors further to enable applications requiring higher quality. Further gains can be achieved by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-10-15 Seonwook Park , Shalini De Mello , Pavlo Molchanov , Umar Iqbal , Otmar Hilliges , Jan Kautz

Gaze estimation is a fundamental task in many applications of computer vision, human computer interaction and robotics. Many state-of-the-art methods are trained and tested on custom datasets, making comparison across methods challenging.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-08-03 Xucong Zhang , Seonwook Park , Thabo Beeler , Derek Bradley , Siyu Tang , Otmar Hilliges

Self-supervised representation learning has gained increasing attention for strong generalization ability without relying on paired datasets. However, it has not been explored sufficiently for facial representation. Self-supervised facial…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Ruian He , Zhen Xing , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan

Deep learning-based appearance gaze estimation methods are gaining popularity due to their high accuracy and fewer constraints from the environment. However, existing high-precision models often rely on deeper networks, leading to problems…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zhang Cheng , Yanxia Wang

Human eye gaze estimation is an important cognitive ingredient for successful human-robot interaction, enabling the robot to read and predict human behavior. We approach this problem using artificial neural networks and build a modular…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-01 Dmytro Herashchenko , Igor Farkaš

Unconstrained gaze estimation is the process of determining where a subject is directing their visual attention in uncontrolled environments. Gaze estimation systems are important for a myriad of tasks such as driver distraction monitoring,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Franko Šikić , Donik Vršnak , Sven Lončarić

Eye tracking (ET) plays a critical role in augmented and virtual reality applications. However, rapidly deploying high-accuracy, on-device gaze estimation for new products remains challenging because hardware configurations (e.g., camera…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Cheng Jiang , Jogendra Kundu , David Colmenares , Fengting Yang , Joseph Robinson , Yatong An , Ali Behrooz

Affective computing faces a major challenge: the lack of high-quality, diverse depth facial datasets for recognizing subtle emotional expressions. We propose a framework for synthetic depth face generation using an optimized GAN with…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Seyed Muhammad Hossein Mousavi , S. Younes Mirinezhad

Appearance-based gaze estimation, aiming to predict accurate 3D gaze direction from a single facial image, has made promising progress in recent years. However, most methods suffer significant performance degradation in cross-domain…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Qida Tan , Hongyu Yang , Wenchao Du