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Bipartite experiments arise in various fields, in which the treatments are randomized over one set of units, while the outcomes are measured over another separate set of units. However, existing methods often rely on strong model…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-04-16 Sizhu Lu , Lei Shi , Yue Fang , Wenxin Zhang , Peng Ding

Learning causal structure from observational data is a fundamental challenge in machine learning. However, the majority of commonly used differentiable causal discovery methods are non-identifiable, turning this problem into a continuous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-30 Yu Wang , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yancheng Yuan , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua

When one studies the effects of taxes, tariffs, or prices using panel data, the treatment is often continuously distributed in every period. We propose difference-in-differences (DID) estimators for such cases. We assume that between…

Quasi-experimental causal inference methods have become central in empirical operations management for guiding managerial decisions. Among these, empiricists utilize the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) estimator, which relies on the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-13 Mingxuan Ge , Dae Woong Ham

We formulate factorial difference-in-differences (FDID), a research design that extends canonical difference-in-differences (DID) to settings in which an event affects all units. In many panel data applications, researchers exploit…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-02-04 Yiqing Xu , Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

This paper extends difference-in-differences to settings with continuous treatments. Specifically, the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) at any level of treatment intensity is identified under a conditional parallel trends…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-01-05 Lucas Z. Zhang

This paper proposes a novel approach for estimating treatment effects in panel data settings, addressing key limitations of the standard difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The standard approach relies on the parallel trends…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-01-14 Shoya Ishimaru

This paper introduces the Difference-in-Differences Bayesian Causal Forest (DiD-BCF), a novel non-parametric model addressing key challenges in DiD estimation, such as staggered adoption and heterogeneous treatment effects. DiD-BCF provides…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-06-10 Hugo Gobato Souto , Francisco Louzada Neto

We extend the continuity-based framework to Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDDs) to identify and estimate causal effects under interference when units are connected through a network. Assignment to an "effective treatment," combining the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-11-20 Elena Dal Torrione , Tiziano Arduini , Laura Forastiere

Difference-in-differences (DiD) is a popular approach to evaluate treatment effects in settings where both pre- and post-treatment measurements of the outcome are available. Despite its popularity, existing methods face important…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-31 Chan Park , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

This article proposes doubly robust estimators for the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) in difference-in-differences (DID) research designs. In contrast to alternative DID estimators, the proposed estimators are consistent if…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2020-05-07 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Jun B. Zhao

The method of difference-in-differences (DID) is widely used to study the causal effect of policy interventions in observational studies. DID employs a before and after comparison of the treated and control units to remove bias due to…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-06-15 Ting Ye , Luke Keele , Raiden Hasegawa , Dylan S. Small

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the prediction of individualized treatment effects. While there is a rapidly growing literature on the development of such models, there is little literature on the evaluation of their…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-12-22 J Hoogland , O Efthimiou , TL Nguyen , TPA Debray

The difference-in-differences (DID) method identifies the average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) under mainly the so-called parallel trends (PT) assumption. The most common and widely used approach to justify the PT assumption is…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2023-08-23 Kyunghoon Ban , Désiré Kédagni

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects has become increasingly important in many fields and life and death decisions are now based on these estimates: for example, selecting a personalized course of medical treatment. Recently, a…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2019-04-01 Sören R. Künzel , Simon J. S. Walter , Jasjeet S. Sekhon

Consider a general setting in which data on an outcome is collected in two `groups' at two time periods, with certain group-periods deemed `treated' and others `untreated'. A special case is the canonical Difference-in-Differences (DiD)…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-09-15 Zach Shahn , Laura Hatfield

Causal inference is widely used in various fields, such as biology, psychology and economics, etc. In observational studies, we need to balance the covariates before estimating causal effect. This study extends the one-dimensional entropy…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-05-19 Juan Chen , Yingchun Zhou

This tutorial provides a concise introduction to modern causal modeling by integrating potential outcomes and graphical methods. We motivate causal questions such as counterfactual reasoning under interventions and define binary treatments…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-06-27 Gauranga Kumar Baishya

When making treatment selection decisions, it is essential to include a causal effect estimation analysis to compare potential outcomes under different treatments or controls, assisting in optimal selection. However, merely estimating…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-10-08 Sherly Alfonso-Sánchez , Kristina P. Sendova , Cristián Bravo

Causal inference problems often involve continuous treatments, such as dose, duration, or frequency. However, identifying and estimating standard dose-response estimands requires that everyone has some chance of receiving any level of the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-01-28 Kyle Schindl , Shuying Shen , Edward H. Kennedy