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Latent reasoning offers a more efficient alternative to explicit reasoning by compressing intermediate reasoning into continuous representations and substantially shortening reasoning chains. However, existing latent reasoning methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Jingcheng Deng , Zihao Wei , Liang Pang , Junhong Wu , Shicheng Xu , Zenghao Duan , Huawei Shen

The problem of constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) holds significant importance as it provides a framework for addressing critical safety satisfaction concerns in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, with the introduction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-24 Chengbin Xuan , Feng Zhang , Faliang Yin , Hak-Keung Lam

We introduce Multistage Conditional Compositional Optimization (MCCO) as a new paradigm for decision-making under uncertainty that combines aspects of multistage stochastic programming and conditional stochastic optimization. MCCO minimizes…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-04-16 Buse Şen , Yifan Hu , Daniel Kuhn

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful paradigm for optimizing large language models (LLMs) to handle complex reasoning tasks. A core challenge in this process lies in managing policy entropy, which reflects the balance between…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Zhenpeng Su , Leiyu Pan , Minxuan Lv , Yuntao Li , Wenping Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Kun Gai , Guorui Zhou

Policy optimization methods like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) and its variants have achieved strong results on mathematical reasoning and code generation tasks. Despite extensive exploration of reward processing strategies and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Rui Yuan , Mykola Khandoga , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

Unified models capable of interleaved generation have emerged as a promising paradigm, with the community increasingly converging on autoregressive modeling for text and flow matching for image generation. To advance this direction, we…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Jie Liu , Zilyu Ye , Linxiao Yuan , Shenhan Zhu , Yu Gao , Jie Wu , Kunchang Li , Xionghui Wang , Xiaonan Nie , Weilin Huang , Wanli Ouyang

We study episodic reinforcement learning (RL) in non-stationary linear kernel Markov decision processes (MDPs). In this setting, both the reward function and the transition kernel are linear with respect to the given feature maps and are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Han Zhong , Zhongren Chen , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Csaba Szepesvári

We consider discounted infinite-horizon constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs), where the goal is to find an optimal policy that maximizes the expected cumulative reward while satisfying expected cumulative constraints. Motivated by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Tingting Ni , Maryam Kamgarpour

This paper presents a framework to tackle constrained combinatorial optimization problems using deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, we extend the Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) theory in order to deal with constraints in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-23 Ruben Solozabal , Josu Ceberio , Martin Takáč

A constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) approach is developed for response-adaptive procedures in clinical trials with binary outcomes. The resulting CMDP class of Bayesian response -- adaptive procedures can be used to target a…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-01-31 Stef Baas , Aleida Braaksma , Richard J. Boucherie

To plan safely in uncertain environments, agents must balance utility with safety constraints. Safe planning problems can be modeled as a chance-constrained partially observable Markov decision process (CC-POMDP) and solutions often use…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-02 Robert J. Moss , Arec Jamgochian , Johannes Fischer , Anthony Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We consider nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) with multiple competing cost functions. In each step of the scheme, a multiobjective optimal control problem with a nonlinear system and terminal conditions is solved. We propose an…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-07-01 Gabriele Eichfelder , Lars Grüne , Lisa Krügel , Jonas Schießl

Decentralized policy optimization has been commonly used in cooperative multi-agent tasks. However, since all agents are updating their policies simultaneously, from the perspective of individual agents, the environment is non-stationary,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-17 Hao Luo , Jiechuan Jiang , Zongqing Lu

Policy gradient methods are widely used in reinforcement learning. Yet, the nonconvexity of policy optimization poses significant challenges in understanding the global convergence of policy gradient methods. For a class of finite-horizon…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-03-10 Xin Chen , Yifan Hu , Minda Zhao

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as an effective method for training reasoning models. While it computes advantages based on group mean, GRPO treats each output as an independent sample during the optimization and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yu Li , Tian Lan , Zhengling Qi

We study the synthesis of a policy in a Markov decision process (MDP) following which an agent reaches a target state in the MDP while minimizing its total discounted cost. The problem combines a reachability criterion with a discounted…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2021-03-18 Yagiz Savas , Christos K. Verginis , Michael Hibbard , Ufuk Topcu

As language models become increasingly capable, users expect them to provide not only accurate responses but also behaviors aligned with diverse human preferences across a variety of scenarios. To achieve this, Reinforcement learning (RL)…

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses sequential decision-making problems where agents are required to achieve goals by maximizing the expected return while meeting domain-specific constraints. In this setting, policy-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Alessandro Montenegro , Leonardo Cesani , Marco Mussi , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli

Robust optimal or min-max model predictive control (MPC) approaches aim to guarantee constraint satisfaction over a known, bounded uncertainty set while minimizing a worst-case performance bound. Traditionally, these methods compute a…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-04 J. Wehbeh , E. C. Kerrigan

Optimizing discrete diffusion model (DDM) with rewards remains a challenge: the non-autoregressive paradigm makes importance sampling intractable and rollout complex, puzzling reinforcement learning methods such as Group Relative Policy…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Tianren Ma , Mu Zhang , Yibing Wang , Qixiang Ye