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We define the concept of a monotonic theory and show how to build efficient SMT (SAT Modulo Theory) solvers, including effective theory propagation and clause learning, for such theories. We present examples showing that monotonic theories…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2014-06-03 Sam Bayless , Noah Bayless , Holger H. Hoos , Alan J. Hu

Satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) consists in testing the satisfiability of first-order formulas over linear integer or real arithmetic, or other theories. In this survey, we explain the combination of propositional satisfiability and…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2016-06-16 David Monniaux

Verification methods based on SAT, SMT, and Theorem Proving often rely on proofs of unsatisfiability as a powerful tool to extract information in order to reduce the overall effort. For example a proof may be traversed to identify a minimal…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2014-04-16 S. F. Rollini , R. Bruttomesso , N. Sharygina , A. Tsitovich

The problem of finding small unsatisfiable cores for SAT formulas has recently received a lot of interest, mostly for its applications in formal verification. However, propositional logic is often not expressive enough for representing many…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2014-01-17 Alessandro Cimatti , Alberto Griggio , Roberto Sebastiani

In the contexts of automated reasoning (AR) and formal verification (FV), important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade efficient SMT solvers have been developed for…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2014-10-23 Roberto Sebastiani , Silvia Tomasi

We apply Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers in the context of finding chiral heterotic string models with positive cosmological constant from $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$ orbifolds. The power…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2021-03-17 Alon E. Faraggi , Benjamin Percival , Sven Schewe , Dominik Wojtczak

We discuss the topic of unsatisfiability proofs in SMT, particularly with reference to quantifier free non-linear real arithmetic. We outline how the methods here do not admit trivial proofs and how past formalisation attempts are not…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-08-12 Erika Abraham , James H. Davenport , Matthew England , Gereon Kremer

Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for solving various automated reasoning problems across diverse domains. Unlike traditional satisfiability methods confined to Boolean variables, SMT can reason on…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Arijit Shaw , Uddalok Sarkar , Kuldeep S. Meel

We introduce FRAT, a new proof format for unsatisfiable SAT problems, and its associated toolchain. Compared to DRAT, the FRAT format allows solvers to include more information in proofs to reduce the computational cost of subsequent…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-06-22 Seulkee Baek , Mario Carneiro , Marijn J. H. Heule

Synthesis of models and strategies is a very important problem in software engineering. The main element here is checking the satisfiability of formulae expressing the specification of a system to be implemented. This paper puts forward a…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2020-02-11 Magdalena Kacprzak , Artur Niewiadomski , Wojciech Penczek

Reasoning about array data structures is a key requirement for many applications in hardware and software verification, especially in combination with machine integers. The Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) theory of extensional arrays…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Mathias Preiner , Aina Niemetz , Clark Barrett

The problem of computing Craig Interpolants has recently received a lot of interest. In this paper, we address the problem of efficient generation of interpolants for some important fragments of first order logic, which are amenable for…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2009-06-25 Alessandro Cimatti , Alberto Griggio , Roberto Sebastiani

Satisfiability-based automated reasoning is an approach that is being successfully used in software engineering to validate complex software, including for safety-critical systems. Such reasoning underlies many validation activities, from…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Nick Feng , Lina Marsso , Marsha Chechik

The robustness and correctness of SAT solvers are receiving more and more attention. In recent SAT competitions, a proof of unsatisfiability emitted by SAT solvers must be checked. So far, no proof checker has been efficient for every case.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2018-06-26 Jingchao Chen

In the contexts of automated reasoning and formal verification, important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade efficient SMT solvers have been developed for several theories…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2012-02-08 Roberto Sebastiani , Silvia Tomasi

Modern software for propositional satisfiability problems gives a powerful automated reasoning toolkit, capable of outputting not only a satisfiable/unsatisfiable signal but also a justification of unsatisfiability in the form of resolution…

Many state-of-the-art Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers for the theory of fixed-size bit-vectors employ an approach called bit-blasting, where a given formula is translated into a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem and…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2019-07-04 Alex Ozdemir , Aina Niemetz , Mathias Preiner , Yoni Zohar , Clark Barrett

Algebraic data types (ADTs) are a construct classically found in functional programming languages that capture data structures like enumerated types, lists, and trees. In recent years, interest in ADTs has increased. For example, popular…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Amar Shah , Federico Mora , Sanjit A. Seshia

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) refers to the problem of deciding the satisfiability of a formula with respect to certain background first order theories. In this paper, we focus on Satisfiablity Modulo Integer Arithmetic, which is…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-05-18 Shaowei Cai , Bohan Li , Xindi Zhang

The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Christopher R. Serrano , Jonathan Gallagher , Kenji Yamada , Alexei Kopylov , Michael A. Warren
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