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Reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for the safe deployment of machine learning systems. Despite recent progress, state-of-the-art OOD detectors are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks, which…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Maria Stoica , Abdelrahman Hekal , Alessio Lomuscio

Despite rapid advances in AI, safety remains the main bottleneck to deploying machine-learning systems. A critical safety component is out-of-distribution detection: given an input, decide whether it comes from the same distribution as the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Joonas Järve , Karl Kaspar Haavel , Meelis Kull

Machine Learning classifiers used in Brain-Computer Interfaces make classifications based on the distribution of data they were trained on. When they need to make inferences on samples that fall outside of this distribution, they can only…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for deploying deep learning models reliably, yet no single method performs consistently across architectures and datasets -- a scorer that leads on one benchmark often falters on another. We…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Jin Mo Yang , Hyung-Sin Kim , Saewoong Bahk

The training and test data for deep-neural-network-based classifiers are usually assumed to be sampled from the same distribution. When part of the test samples are drawn from a distribution that is sufficiently far away from that of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Yinan Wang , Wenbo Sun , Jionghua "Judy" Jin , Zhenyu "James" Kong , Xiaowei Yue

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify OOD inputs from unknown classes, which is important for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in the open world. Various scoring functions are proposed to distinguish it from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Boxuan Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Zengmao Wang , Tongliang Liu , Bo Du , Bo Han

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and uncertainty estimation (UE) are critical components for building safe machine learning systems, especially in real-world scenarios where unexpected inputs are inevitable. However the two problems…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Pirzada Suhail , Rehna Afroz , Gouranga Bala , Amit Sethi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the task of identifying inputs that deviate from the training data distribution. This capability is essential for safely deploying deep computer vision models in open-world environments. In this work,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Wenxi Chen , Raymond A. Yeh , Shaoshuai Mou , Yan Gu

Deep neural networks are known to achieve superior results in classification tasks. However, it has been recently shown that they are incapable to detect examples that are generated by a distribution which is different than the one they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-09 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Nazim Shaikh , Mohammad Reza Rajati

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are crucial for machine learning models deployed in open-world environments. Classifier-based scores are a standard approach for OOD detection due to their fine-grained detection capability.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-27 Jaewoo Park , Yoon Gyo Jung , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

The complex and dynamic real-world clinical environment demands reliable deep learning (DL) systems. Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a critical role in enhancing the reliability and generalizability of DL models when encountering…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Jiangbei Yue , Darren Treanor , Venkataraman Subramanian , Sharib Ali

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safety-sensitive machine learning applications and has been extensively studied, yielding a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, most studies for OOD detection did not…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-13 Atsuyuki Miyai , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Out-of-distribution detection is an important capability that has long eluded vanilla neural networks. Deep Neural networks (DNNs) tend to generate over-confident predictions when presented with inputs that are significantly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Sumedh A Sontakke , Buvaneswari Ramanan , Laurent Itti , Thomas Woo

This paper introduces a novel method leveraging bi-encoder-based detectors along with a comprehensive study comparing different out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods in NLP using different feature extractors. The feature extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Louis Owen , Biddwan Ahmed , Abhay Kumar

We focus on the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in deep learning models, a crucial aspect in ensuring reliability. Despite considerable effort, the problem remains significantly challenging in deep learning models due to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Yunhao Ge , Jie Ren , Jiaping Zhao , Kaifeng Chen , Andrew Gallagher , Laurent Itti , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Recent advances in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection on image data show that pre-trained neural network classifiers can separate in-distribution (ID) from OOD data well, leveraging the class-discriminative ability of the model itself.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Maximilian Granz , Manuel Heurich , Tim Landgraf

Deep learning has been demonstrated with tremendous success in recent years. Despite so, its performance in practice often degenerates drastically when encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) data, i.e. training and test data are sampled…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Haoyue Bai