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To evaluate large language models (LLMs) for code, research has used manually created unit test-based benchmarks. However, these tests are often inadequate, missing corner cases and other implementation-specific oddities. This work…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Miltiadis Allamanis , Pengcheng Yin

The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 PIerre Dantas , Lucas Cordeiro , Youcheng Sun , Waldir Junior

For all the successes in verifying low-level, efficient, security-critical code, little has been said or studied about the structure, architecture and engineering of such large-scale proof developments. We present the design, implementation…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-10 Son Ho , Aymeric Fromherz , Jonathan Protzenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code understanding and generation. However, their effectiveness on non-code Software Engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. We present 'Software Engineering…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Fabian C. Peña , Steffen Herbold

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automated code generation but frequently produce code that fails formal verification, an essential requirement for hardware and safety-critical domains. To overcome…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Manvi Jha , Jiaxin Wan , Deming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automatically generate optimized CUDA kernels, substantially improving developer productivity. However, despite rapid generation, these kernels often contain subtle correctness bugs and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Bodhisatwa Chatterjee , Drew Zagieboylo , Sana Damani , Siva Hari , Christos Kozyrakis

Rigorous security-focused evaluation of large language model (LLM) agents is imperative for establishing trust in their safe deployment throughout the software development lifecycle. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on synthetic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Hwiwon Lee , Ziqi Zhang , Hanxiao Lu , Lingming Zhang

Critical software systems face stringent requirements in safety, security, and reliability due to the circumstances surrounding their operation. Safety and security have progressively gained importance over the years due to the integration…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2015-12-16 Julio Escribano-Barreno , Marisol García-Valls

Code generation models can help improve many common software tasks ranging from code completion to defect prediction. Most of the existing benchmarks for code generation LLMs focus on code authoring or code completion. Surprisingly, there…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-20 Kush Jain , Gabriel Synnaeve , Baptiste Rozière

Many real-world applications are increasingly incorporating automated decision-making, driven by the widespread adoption of ML/AI inference for planning and guidance. This study examines the growing need for verifiable computing in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Michele Dallachiesa , Antonio Pitasi , David Pinger , Josh Goodbody , Luis Vaello

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automating hardware synthesis, yet substantial barriers remain for industrial-scale, datapath-centric designs due to ambiguous specifications and a lack of formal…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Kezhi Li , Min Li , Xiangyu Wen , Shibo Zhao , Jieying Wu , Junhua Huang , Qiang Xu

Researchers have recently designed a number of application-specific fault tolerance mechanisms that enable applications to either be naturally resilient to errors or include additional detection and correction steps that can bring the…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2018-05-17 Brett Boston , Zoe Gong , Michael Carbin

Large language models are increasingly used to generate code from natural language, but ensuring correctness remains challenging. Formal verification offers a principled way to obtain such guarantees by proving that a program satisfies a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Zhe Ye , Aidan Z. H. Yang , Huangyuan Su , Zhenyu Liao , Samuel Tenka , Zhizhen Qin , Udaya Ghai , Dawn Song , Soonho Kong

We introduce ${\rm C{\small LEVER}}$, a high-quality, curated benchmark of 161 problems for end-to-end verified code generation in Lean. Each problem consists of (1) the task of generating a specification that matches a held-out…

Verifiers play a crucial role in large language model (LLM) reasoning, needed by post-training techniques such as reinforcement learning. However, reliable verifiers are hard to get for difficult coding problems, because a well-disguised…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Zhongmou He , Yee Man Choi , Kexun Zhang , Jiabao Ji , Junting Zhou , Dejia Xu , Ivan Bercovich , Aidan Zhang , Lei Li

Large language models possess impressive capabilities in generating programs (e.g., Python) from natural language descriptions to execute robotic tasks. However, these generated programs often contain errors that violate externally given…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Yunhao Yang , Neel P. Bhatt , William Ward , Zichao Hu , Joydeep Biswas , Ufuk Topcu

The code generation capabilities of large language models(LLMs) have emerged as a critical dimension in evaluating their overall performance. However, prior research has largely overlooked the security risks inherent in the generated code.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Xinghang Li , Jingzhe Ding , Chao Peng , Bing Zhao , Xiang Gao , Hongwan Gao , Xinchen Gu

Automatic verification deals with the validation by means of computers of correctness certificates. The related tools, usually called proof assistants or interactive provers, provide an interactive environment for the creation of formal…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2017-01-16 Andrea Asperti

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for code generation. However, the correctness of code generated by LLMs remains a concern. A potential remedy to this concern is to have LLMs generate formal correctness proofs along with such…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Nongyu Di , Tianyu Chen , Shan Lu , Shuai Lu , Yeyun Gong , Peng Cheng , Jacob R. Lorch , Yuan Yao , Xiaoxing Ma

Many verification tools come out of academic projects, whose natural constraints do not typically lead to a strong focus on usability. For widespread use, however, usability is essential. Using a well-known benchmark, the Tokeneer problem,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2016-05-06 Mansur Khazeev , Victor Rivera , Manuel Mazzara , Alexander Tchitchigin