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Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been receiving a notable interest as an energy- and spectrum-efficient enabler for simultaneous communication and sensing. Notably, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is among the key…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Elmehdi Illi , Marwa Qaraqe

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which enables advanced wave control through interconnection of RIS elements, are gaining growing recognition as a promising technology for 6G and beyond. However, the enhanced…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-30 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao , Bruno Clerckx

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted considerable attention of both academia and industry in recent years, given its capacity to dynamically manipulate the reflection of incident electromagnetic waves. Although the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-09 Pedro H. C. de Souza , Luciano Mendes

A hybrid transmitting and reflecting beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) design is proposed. Operating in the same aperture, frequency band and polarization, the proposed BD-RIS features independent beam steering…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-15 Zhaoyang Ming , Shanpu Shen , Junhui Rao , Zan Li , Jichen Zhang , Chi Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch

More and more applications that require high reliability and fault tolerance are realized with wireless network architectures and thus ultimately rely on the wireless channels, which can be subject to impairments and blockages. Hence, these…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-11-02 Kevin Weinberger , Robert-Jeron Reifert , Aydin Sezgin , Ertugrul Basar

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a novel branch of RIS which breaks through the limitation of traditional RIS with diagonal scattering matrices. However, the existing research focuses on BD-RIS with fixed…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-06-21 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) improves the traditional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architecture functionality by interconnecting elements for advanced wave control. However, real-world…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-10 Jose Carlos da Silva Filho , Josué V. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed to generalize conventional RIS. BD-RIS has a scattering matrix that is not restricted to being diagonal and thus brings a performance improvement over…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-02-21 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of the wireless propagation environment and are key enablers for future networks. Beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) architectures enhance conventional RIS by interconnecting…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Matteo Nerini , Zheyu Wu , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) represent a groundbreaking innovation in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, enabling unprecedented control over wireless propagation environments compared to conventional…

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) refers to a family of RIS architectures characterized by scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal and enables higher wave manipulation flexibility and large performance…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-16 Rui Wang , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) extend conventional diagonal RISs by allowing inter-element coupling, thereby enlarging the set of attainable scattering matrices and improving the achievable signal-to-noise…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-08 Konstantinos Ntougias , Ioannis Krikidis

Novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures, known as beyond diagonal RISs (BD-RISs), have been proposed to enhance reflection efficiency and expand RIS capabilities. However, their passive nature, non-diagonal reflection…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-11-28 Nipuni Ginige , Arthur Sousa de Sena , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

This work initiates the study of a beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided transmitter architecture for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band. Deploying BD-RIS…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-04-29 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao

Deploying multiple beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) can potentially improve the communication performance thanks to inter-element connections of each BD-RIS and inter-surface cooperative beamforming gain among…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-23 Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Liang Liu

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) can realize the interconnection between reflecting elements through the impedance network, thereby providing a new approach for the performance improvement of integrated sensing…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Xuejun Cheng , Qian Zhang , Yuhui Jiao , Shiyao Guo , Xiaotong Xu , Guanghui Luo , Ju Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) due to its ability to manipulate wireless environments for better connectivity. Significant studies have…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Wali Ullah Khan , Asad Mahmood , Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Eva Lagunas , Manzoor Ahmed , Symeon Chatzinotas

The use of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for aiding user-specific transmission has been widely explored. However, little attention has been devoted to utilizing RIS for assisting cell-specific transmission, where the RIS needs…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-11-26 Parisa Ramezani , Maksym A. Girnyk , Emil Björnson

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a promising technology for 6G wireless networks, offering more advanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation than conventional diagonal RIS. This paper…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-01 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin