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In-context learning (ICL) improves language models' performance on a variety of NLP tasks by simply demonstrating a handful of examples at inference time. It is not well understood why ICL ability emerges, as the model has never been…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-28 Xiaochuang Han , Daniel Simig , Todor Mihaylov , Yulia Tsvetkov , Asli Celikyilmaz , Tianlu Wang

As model context lengths continue to increase, the number of demonstrations that can be provided in-context approaches the size of entire training datasets. We study the behavior of in-context learning (ICL) at this extreme scale on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Amanda Bertsch , Maor Ivgi , Emily Xiao , Uri Alon , Jonathan Berant , Matthew R. Gormley , Graham Neubig

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) to new and data-scarce tasks using only a few carefully selected task-specific examples presented in the prompt. However, given the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Vaibhav Singh , Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Kapu Nirmal Joshua , Soumyabrata Pal , Sayak Ray Chowdhury

Information retrieval (IR) systems have played a vital role in modern digital life and have cemented their continued usefulness in this new era of generative AI via retrieval-augmented generation. With strong language processing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Shijie Chen , Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Yu Su

In coming up with solutions to real-world problems, humans implicitly adhere to constraints that are too numerous and complex to be specified completely. However, reinforcement learning (RL) agents need these constraints to learn the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Guiliang Liu , Mohammed Elmahgiubi , Kasra Rezaee , Pascal Poupart

Many-shot in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a unique setup to both utilize and test the ability of large language models to handle long context. This paper delves into long-context language model (LCLM) evaluation through many-shot…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Kaijian Zou , Muhammad Khalifa , Lu Wang

Pre-trained models of source code have gained widespread popularity in many code intelligence tasks. Recently, with the scaling of the model and corpus size, large language models have shown the ability of in-context learning (ICL). ICL…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-01-11 Shuzheng Gao , Xin-Cheng Wen , Cuiyun Gao , Wenxuan Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various perception and reasoning tasks. Despite this success, ensuring their reliability in practical deployment necessitates robust confidence…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Yunkai Dang , Yifan Jiang , Yizhu Jiang , Anqi Chen , Wenbin Li , Yang Gao

In-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) delivers strong few-shot performance by choosing few-shot demonstrations from the entire training data. However, existing ICL methods, which rely on similarity or diversity scores…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Jiarui Jin , Yuwei Wu , Haoxuan Li , Xiaoting He , Weinan Zhang , Yiming Yang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Mengyue Yang

The remarkable ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand and follow instructions has sometimes been limited by their in-context learning (ICL) performance in low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce a novel approach…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-06 Xiaoqian Li , Ercong Nie , Sheng Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of coding tasks, including summarization, translation, completion, and code generation. Despite these advances, detecting code vulnerabilities…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Md Abdul Hannan , Ronghao Ni , Chi Zhang , Limin Jia , Ravi Mangal , Corina S. Pasareanu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can adapt to new tasks via in-context learning (ICL). ICL is efficient as it does not require any parameter updates to the trained LLM, but only few annotated examples as input for the LLM. In this work, we…

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

In-context learning (ICL) performs tasks by prompting a large language model (LLM) using an instruction and a small set of annotated examples called demonstrations. Recent work has shown that precise details of the inputs used in the ICL…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-18 Anirudh Ajith , Chris Pan , Mengzhou Xia , Ameet Deshpande , Karthik Narasimhan

In-context learning (ICL) is the trending prompting strategy in the era of large language models (LLMs), where a few examples are demonstrated to evoke LLMs' power for a given task. How to select informative examples remains an open issue.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Chenming Tang , Zhixiang Wang , Yunfang Wu

While multilingual large language models generally perform adequately, and sometimes even rival English performance on high-resource languages (HRLs), they often significantly underperform on low-resource languages (LRLs). Among several…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Yilei Tu , Andrew Xue , Freda Shi

A popular method to adapt large language models (LLMs) to new tasks is in-context learning (ICL), which is effective but incurs high inference costs as context length grows. In this paper we propose a method to perform instruction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Emily Xiao , Yixiao Zeng , Ada Chen , Chin-Jou Li , Amanda Bertsch , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for AI, with the key ability of in-context learning (ICL), where they can perform well on unseen tasks based on a brief series of task examples without necessitating any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Zhenmei Shi , Junyi Wei , Zhuoyan Xu , Yingyu Liang

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to acquire new behaviors from the input sequence alone without any parameter updates. Recent studies have shown that ICL can surpass the original meaning learned in pretraining…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Yongyi Yang , Hidenori Tanaka , Wei Hu

While in-context learning with large language models (LLMs) has shown impressive performance, we have discovered a unique miscalibration behavior where both correct and incorrect predictions are assigned the same level of confidence. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-04 Wei Cheng , Tianlu Wang , Yanmin Ji , Fan Yang , Keren Tan , Yiyu Zheng