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Prompt injection attacks manipulate large language models (LLMs) by misleading them to deviate from the original input instructions and execute maliciously injected instructions, because of their instruction-following capabilities and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) sometimes falsely refuse pseudo-harmful prompts, like "how to kill a mosquito," which are actually harmless. Frequent false refusals not only frustrate users but also provoke a public backlash…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Bang An , Sicheng Zhu , Ruiyi Zhang , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Yuancheng Xu , Furong Huang

Prompt injection and jailbreaking attacks pose persistent security challenges to large language model (LLM)-based systems. We present PromptScreen, an efficient and systematically evaluated defense architecture that mitigates these threats…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Akshaj Prashanth Rao , Advait Singh , Saumya Kumaar Saksena , Dhruv Kumar

Code metamorphism refers to a computer programming exercise wherein the program modifies its own code (partial or entire) consistently and automatically while retaining its core functionality. This technique is often used for online…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Pooria Madani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software development and automated code generation. Motivated by these advancements, this paper explores the feasibility of LLMs in modifying malware source code to generate variants. We…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Md Ajwad Akil , Adrian Shuai Li , Imtiaz Karim , Arun Iyengar , Ashish Kundu , Vinny Parla , Elisa Bertino

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

Despite efforts to align large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, widely-used LLMs such as GPT, Llama, and Claude are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks, wherein an adversary fools a targeted LLM into generating objectionable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Alexander Robey , Eric Wong , Hamed Hassani , George J. Pappas

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan

A prompt injection attack aims to inject malicious instruction/data into the input of an LLM-Integrated Application such that it produces results as an attacker desires. Existing works are limited to case studies. As a result, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Yupei Liu , Yuqi Jia , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

The latest paradigm shift in software development brings in the innovation and automation afforded by Large Language Models (LLMs), showcased by Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), which has shown remarkable capacity to generate code…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Xiaoyin Wang , Dakai Zhu

The increasing demand for customized Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of solutions like GPTs. These solutions facilitate tailored LLM creation via natural language prompts without coding. However, the trustworthiness…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Rui Wen , Wenbo Jiang , Yuan Zhang , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o into robotic systems represents a significant advancement in embodied artificial intelligence. These models can process multi-modal prompts, enabling them to generate more…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Conan Dewitt , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Automatic adversarial prompt generation provides remarkable success in jailbreaking safely-aligned large language models (LLMs). Existing gradient-based attacks, while demonstrating outstanding performance in jailbreaking white-box LLMs,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Qizhang Li , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Yiwen Guo

Prompt injection attacks pose a significant challenge to the safe deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications. While prompt-based detection offers a lightweight and interpretable defense strategy, its effectiveness…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Ting-Chun Liu , Ching-Yu Hsu , Kuan-Yi Lee , Chi-An Fu , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting attention in various applications. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern as some users attempt to exploit these models for malicious purposes, including the synthesis of controlled…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Chongwen Zhao , Zhihao Dou , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in enterprise settings (e.g., as Microsoft 365 Copilot) face novel security challenges. One critical threat is prompt inference attacks: adversaries chain together seemingly benign prompts to gradually…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Andrii Balashov , Olena Ponomarova , Xiaohua Zhai

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed in safety-critical settings, it is essential to ensure that their responses comply with safety standards. Prior research has revealed that LLMs often fail to grasp the notion of safe behaviors,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Kartik Sharma , Yiqiao Jin , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar

Large language models have gained widespread prominence, yet their vulnerability to prompt injection and other adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. This paper argues for a security-by-design AI paradigm that proactively mitigates…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Dalal Alharthi , Ivan Roberto Kawaminami Garcia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread use in various applications due to their powerful capability to generate human-like text. However, prompt injection attacks, which involve overwriting a model's original instructions with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Jiahao Yu , Yangguang Shao , Hanwen Miao , Junzheng Shi