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The relationship between words in a sentence often tells us more about the underlying semantic content of a document than its actual words, individually. In this work, we propose two novel algorithms, called Flexible Lexical Chain II and…

Cross-lingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) tackles the challenge of disambiguating ambiguous words across languages given context. The pre-trained BERT embedding model has been proven to be effective in extracting contextual information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-12-11 Xingran Zhu

Distributed representations of words encode lexical semantic information, but what type of information is encoded and how? Focusing on the skip-gram with negative-sampling method, we found that the squared norm of static word embedding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Momose Oyama , Sho Yokoi , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Diffusion models have achieved great success in modeling continuous data modalities such as images, audio, and video, but have seen limited use in discrete domains such as language. Recent attempts to adapt diffusion to language have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-08 Justin Lovelace , Varsha Kishore , Chao Wan , Eliot Shekhtman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Autoregressive language models have demonstrated a remarkable ability to extract latent structure from text. The embeddings from large language models have been shown to capture aspects of the syntax and semantics of language. But what…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Liyi Zhang , Michael Y. Li , R. Thomas McCoy , Theodore R. Sumers , Jian-Qiao Zhu , Thomas L. Griffiths

From extracting features to generating text, the outputs of large language models (LLMs) typically rely on the final layers, following the conventional wisdom that earlier layers capture only low-level cues. However, our analysis shows that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Oscar Skean , Md Rifat Arefin , Dan Zhao , Niket Patel , Jalal Naghiyev , Yann LeCun , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv

The integration of structured hierarchical embeddings into transformer-based architectures introduces a refined approach to lexical representation, ensuring that multi-scale semantic relationships are preserved without compromising…

Word embeddings typically represent different meanings of a word in a single conflated vector. Empirical analysis of embeddings of ambiguous words is currently limited by the small size of manually annotated resources and by the fact that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-06-11 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Katharina Kann , Timothy J. Hazen , Eneko Agirre , Hinrich Schütze

The cornerstone of multilingual neural translation is shared representations across languages. Given the theoretically infinite representation power of neural networks, semantically identical sentences are likely represented differently.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Danni Liu , Jan Niehues

The Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated network calls for more robust and secure transmission techniques against jamming. In this paper, we propose a textual semantic transmission framework for robust transmission, which utilizes the advanced…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-25 Shicong Liu , Zhen Gao , Gaojie Chen , Yu Su , Lu Peng

Word embeddings have been demonstrated to benefit NLP tasks impressively. Yet, there is room for improvement in the vector representations, because current word embeddings typically contain unnecessary information, i.e., noise. We propose…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2016-10-07 Kim Anh Nguyen , Sabine Schulte im Walde , Ngoc Thang Vu

The current methods for learning representations with auto-encoders almost exclusively employ vectors as the latent representations. In this work, we propose to employ a tensor product structure for this purpose. This way, the obtained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-01 Michael Rotman , Amit Dekel , Shir Gur , Yaron Oz , Lior Wolf

Text word embeddings that encode distributional semantics work by modeling contextual similarities of frequently occurring words. Acoustic word embeddings, on the other hand, typically encode low-level phonetic similarities. Semantic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-03 Mohammad Amaan Sayeed , Hanan Aldarmaki

Sentence embeddings encode natural language sentences as low-dimensional dense vectors. A great deal of effort has been put into using sentence embeddings to improve several important natural language processing tasks. Relation extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-09-24 Alexander Kalinowski , Yuan An

We propose a novel model architecture and training algorithm to learn bilingual sentence embeddings from a combination of parallel and monolingual data. Our method connects autoencoding and neural machine translation to force the source and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-06-06 Yunsu Kim , Hendrik Rosendahl , Nick Rossenbach , Jan Rosendahl , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

In retrieval applications, binary hashes are known to offer significant improvements in terms of both memory and speed. We investigate the compression of sentence embeddings using a neural encoder-decoder architecture, which is trained by…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2019-08-16 Felix Hamann , Nadja Kurz , Adrian Ulges

Controlling the style of natural language by disentangling the latent space is an important step towards interpretable machine learning. After the latent space is disentangled, the style of a sentence can be transformed by tuning the style…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-04 Lei Sha , Thomas Lukasiewicz

High-dimensional distributed semantic spaces have proven useful and effective for aggregating and processing visual, auditory, and lexical information for many tasks related to human-generated data. Human language makes use of a large and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-02 Jussi Karlgren , Pentti Kanerva

We present an approach for unsupervised learning of speech representation disentangling contents and styles. Our model consists of: (1) a local encoder that captures per-frame information; (2) a global encoder that captures per-utterance…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-22 Andros Tjandra , Ruoming Pang , Yu Zhang , Shigeki Karita

Understanding which information is encoded in deep models of spoken and written language has been the focus of much research in recent years, as it is crucial for debugging and improving these architectures. Most previous work has focused…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-12 Gaofei Shen , Afra Alishahi , Arianna Bisazza , Grzegorz Chrupała