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We aim to conduct a systematic mapping in the area of testing ML programs. We identify, analyze and classify the existing literature to provide an overview of the area. We followed well-established guidelines of systematic mapping to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-23 Salman Sherin , Muhammad Uzair khan , Muhammad Zohaib Iqbal

With the increasing number of internet-based resources and applications, the amount of attacks faced by companies has increased significantly in the past years. Likewise, the techniques to test security and emulate attacks need to be…

In-field test of processor-based devices is a must when considering safety-critical systems (e.g., in robotics, aerospace, and automotive applications). During in-field testing, different solutions can be adopted, depending on the specific…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2021-09-09 Juan-David Guerrero-Balaguera , Josie E. Rodriguez Condia , Matteo Sonza Reorda

Assessing processes is one of the best ways for an organization to start a software process improvement program. An alternative for organizations seeking for lighter assessments methods is to perform self-assessments, which can be carried…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2018-12-24 Thaísa C. Lacerda , Christiane Gresse von Wangenheim , Jean C. R. Hauck

Bayesian data analysis (BDA) is today used by a multitude of research disciplines. These disciplines use BDA as a way to embrace uncertainty by using multilevel models and making use of all available information at hand. In this chapter, we…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2020-01-03 Richard Torkar , Robert Feldt , Carlo A. Furia

The continuous testing of small changes to systems has proven to be useful and is widely adopted in the development of software systems. For this, software is tested in environments that are as close as possible to the production…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2021-12-20 Jossekin Beilharz , Philipp Wiesner , Arne Boockmeyer , Lukas Pirl , Dirk Friedenberger , Florian Brokhausen , Ilja Behnke , Andreas Polze , Lauritz Thamsen

Recently, semi-supervised semantic segmentation has achieved promising performance with a small fraction of labeled data. However, most existing studies treat all unlabeled data equally and barely consider the differences and training…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-22 Zhen Zhao , Sifan Long , Jimin Pi , Jingdong Wang , Luping Zhou

Today, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the software industry face major challenges. Their resource constraints require high efficiency in development. Furthermore, quality assurance (QA) measures need to be taken to mitigate…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2016-11-24 Mario Gleirscher , Dmitriy Golubitskiy , Maximilian Irlbeck , Stefan Wagner

Model-based testing (MBT) is a method that supports the design and execution of test cases by models that specify the intended behaviors of a system under test. While systematic literature reviews on MBT in general exist, the state of the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-03-04 Waleed Abdeen , Xingru Chen , Michael Unterkalmsteiner

The development of large, software-intensive systems is a complex undertaking that we generally tackle by a divide and conquer strategy. Companies thereby face the challenge of coordinating individual aspects of software development, in…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-08-16 Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Tony Gorschek , Robert Feldt , Eriks Klotins

Static analyzers are tool sets which are proving to be indispensable to modern programmers. These enable the programmers to detect possible errors and security defects present in the current code base within the implementation phase of the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-05-14 Eljose E Sajan , Yunpeng Zhang , Liang-Chieh Cheng

Spatial transcriptomics assays are rapidly increasing in scale and complexity, making computational analysis a major bottleneck in biological discovery. Although frontier AI agents have improved dramatically at software engineering and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Kenny Workman , Zhen Yang , Harihara Muralidharan , Hannah Le

The Stratified Bootstrap Test (SBT) provides a nonparametric, resampling-based framework for assessing the stability of group-specific ranking patterns in multivariate survey or rating data. By repeatedly resampling observations and…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-12-18 Ehsan Mohammadi , Fanghua Chen , Yizhou Cai , Yun Yang , Ting Fung Ma , Lu Zhou

Context: Today's safety critical systems are increasingly reliant on software. Software becomes responsible for most of the critical functions of systems. Many different safety analysis techniques have been developed to identify hazards of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2016-12-02 Asim Abdulkhaleq , Stefan Wagner

R is a popular language and programming environment for data scientists. It is increasingly co-packaged with both relational and Hadoop-based data platforms and can often be the most dominant computational component in data analytics…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2017-07-04 Rathijit Sen , Jianqiao Zhu , Jignesh M. Patel , Somesh Jha

In recent years, many learning based approaches have been studied to realize robotic manipulation and assembly tasks, often including vision and force/tactile feedback. However, it remains frequently unclear what is the baseline…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-03-10 Wenzhao Lian , Tim Kelch , Dirk Holz , Adam Norton , Stefan Schaal

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in real-world agentic applications must be capable of replanning and adapting when mid-task disruptions invalidate their prior decisions. Existing dynamic benchmarks primarily measure whether LLMs can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Tingfeng Hui , Hao Xu , Pengyu Zhu , Hongsheng Xin , Kun Zhan , Sen Su , Chunxiao Liu , Ning Miao

Benchmarking is crucial for testing and validating any system, even more so in real-time systems. Typical real-time applications adhere to well-understood abstractions: they exhibit a periodic behavior, operate on a well-defined working…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-08-02 Mattia Nicolella , Shahin Roozkhosh , Denis Hoornaert , Andrea Bastoni , Renato Mancuso

The prevalence of software systems has become an integral part of modern-day living. Software usage has increased significantly, leading to its growth in both size and complexity. Consequently, software development is becoming a more…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Tiago Dias , Arthur Batista , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

The boom of DL technology leads to massive DL models built and shared, which facilitates the acquisition and reuse of DL models. For a given task, we encounter multiple DL models available with the same functionality, which are considered…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-10 Linghan Meng , Yanhui Li , Lin Chen , Zhi Wang , Di Wu , Yuming Zhou , Baowen Xu