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Adam is a popular variant of stochastic gradient descent for finding a local minimizer of a function. In the constant stepsize regime, assuming that the objective function is differentiable and non-convex, we establish the convergence in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-05-15 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi

Traditional analyses in non-convex optimization typically rely on the smoothness assumption, namely requiring the gradients to be Lipschitz. However, recent evidence shows that this smoothness condition does not capture the properties of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-25 Michael Crawshaw , Mingrui Liu , Francesco Orabona , Wei Zhang , Zhenxun Zhuang

Much of the existing theory on first-order non-smooth optimization is built on a restrictive assumption that the gradients of the objective function are uniformly bounded. We introduce a much more realistic class of generalized Lipschitz…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-05-27 Dmitry Kovalev

Beside the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method, the Adam optimizer due to Kingma & Ba (2014) is currently probably the best-known optimization method for the training of deep neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI)…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-11 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the convergence properties of Adam-family methods for nonsmooth optimization, especially in the training of nonsmooth neural networks. We introduce a novel two-timescale framework that…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-02-20 Nachuan Xiao , Xiaoyin Hu , Xin Liu , Kim-Chuan Toh

In this work we consider the stochastic minimization of nonsmooth convex loss functions, a central problem in machine learning. We propose a novel algorithm called Accelerated Nonsmooth Stochastic Gradient Descent (ANSGD), which exploits…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2012-10-02 Hua Ouyang , Alexander Gray

Adam is widely adopted in practical applications due to its fast convergence. However, its theoretical analysis is still far from satisfactory. Existing convergence analyses for Adam rely on the bounded smoothness assumption, referred to as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Bohan Wang , Yushun Zhang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu , Zhi-Quan Luo , Wei Chen

Despite the popularity of the Adam optimizer in practice, most theoretical analyses study Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a proxy for Adam, and little is known about how the solutions found by Adam differ. In this paper, we show that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Xinghan Li , Haodong Wen , Kaifeng Lyu

Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) is a cornerstone optimization algorithm in deep learning, widely recognized for its flexibility with adaptive learning rates and efficiency in handling large-scale data. However, despite its practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Ruinan Jin , Xiao Li , Yaoliang Yu , Baoxiang Wang

This paper formalizes and analyzes Gaussian smoothing applied to two prominent optimization methods: Stochastic Gradient Descent (GSmoothSGD) and Adam (GSmoothAdam) in deep learning. By attenuating small fluctuations, Gaussian smoothing…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-11-19 Andrew Starnes , Clayton Webster

Adam is a commonly used stochastic optimization algorithm in machine learning. However, its convergence is still not fully understood, especially in the non-convex setting. This paper focuses on exploring hyperparameter settings for the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-02-12 Meixuan He , Yuqing Liang , Jinlan Liu , Dongpo Xu

In this paper, we investigate the convergence properties of a wide class of Adam-family methods for minimizing quadratically regularized nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems, especially in the context of training nonsmooth neural…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-10-16 Kuangyu Ding , Nachuan Xiao , Kim-Chuan Toh

Adam is one of the most influential adaptive stochastic algorithms for training deep neural networks, which has been pointed out to be divergent even in the simple convex setting via a few simple counterexamples. Many attempts, such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-09 Congliang Chen , Li Shen , Fangyu Zou , Wei Liu

This article introduces a novel family of optimization algorithms - Anisotropic Gaussian Smoothing Gradient Descent (AGS-GD), AGS-Stochastic Gradient Descent (AGS-SGD), and AGS-Adam - that employ anisotropic Gaussian smoothing to enhance…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-11-19 Andrew Starnes , Guannan Zhang , Viktor Reshniak , Clayton Webster

Smooth minimax optimization problems play a central role in a wide range of applications, including machine learning, game theory, and operations research. However, existing algorithmic frameworks vary significantly depending on the problem…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-06-10 Taoli Zheng , Anthony Man-Cho So , Jiajin Li

Adam has become one of the most popular optimizers for training modern deep neural networks, such as transformers. However, its applicability is largely restricted to single-level optimization problems. In this paper, we aim to extend…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Training neural networks requires optimizing a loss function that may be highly irregular, and in particular neither convex nor smooth. Popular training algorithms are based on stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM), for which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Qinzi Zhang , Ashok Cutkosky

Adaptive gradient methods such as Adam have gained increasing popularity in deep learning optimization. However, it has been observed that compared with (stochastic) gradient descent, Adam can converge to a different solution with a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-26 Difan Zou , Yuan Cao , Yuanzhi Li , Quanquan Gu

In this paper we address the convergence of stochastic approximation when the functions to be minimized are not convex and nonsmooth. We show that the "mean-limit" approach to the convergence which leads, for smooth problems, to the ODE…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2018-05-08 Szymon Majewski , Błażej Miasojedow , Eric Moulines

The key task of machine learning is to minimize the loss function that measures the model fit to the training data. The numerical methods to do this efficiently depend on the properties of the loss function. The most decisive among these…

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