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Simulations of Jupiter's formation are presented that incorporate mixing of H-He with denser material entering the planet as solids. Heavy compounds and gas mix substantially when the planet becomes roughly as massive as Earth, because…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-03-31 David Stevenson , Peter Bodenheimer , Jack J. Lissauer , Gennaro D'Angelo

The Moon-forming giant impact extensively melts and partially vaporizes the silicate Earth and delivers a substantial mass of metal to Earth's core. Subsequent evolution of the magma ocean and overlying atmosphere has been described by…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-10-24 Kaveh Pahlevan , Laura Schaefer , Marc M. Hirschmann

The atmospheric C/O ratio of exoplanets is widely used to constrain their formation. To guarantee that the C/O ratio provides robust information, we need to accurately quantify the amount of C and O in exoplanetary atmospheres. In the case…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-02-08 S. Fonte , D. Turrini , E. Pacetti , E. Schisano , S. Molinari , D. Polychroni , R. Politi , Q. Changeat

Sub-Neptune planets are a very common type of planets. They are inferred to harbour a primordial (H/He) envelope, on top of a (rocky) core, which dominates the mass. Here, we investigate the long-term consequences of the core properties on…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-01-15 A. Vazan , C. W. Ormel , L. Noack , C. Dominik

The atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes can be strongly modified by chemical exchange with their molten interiors during long-lived magma ocean phases. Interpreting atmospheric observations requires fast models that…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-11 Simon Grimm , Marie-Luise Steinmeyer , Aaron Werlen , Caroline Dorn , Hilke Schlichting , Ed Young

Past studies have revealed the dependency of the disc parameters (mass, radius, viscosity, grain fragmentation velocity, dust-to-gas ratio) on the formation of giant planets, where more massive discs seem beneficial for giant planet…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-18 Angie Daniela Guzmán Franco , Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

Many planets in the solar system and across the galaxy have hydrogen-rich atmospheres overlying more heavy element-rich interiors with which they interact for billions of years. Atmosphere-interior interactions are thus crucial to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-07-08 Akash Gupta , Lars Stixrude , Hilke E. Schlichting

The isotopic compositions of terrestrial hydrogen and nitrogen are clearly different from those of the nebular gas from which the solar system formed, and also differ from most of cometary values. Terrestrial N and H isotopic compositions…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-05-27 Bernard Marty

Finding and characterizing extrasolar Earth analogs will rely on interpretation of the planetary system's environmental context. The total budget and fractionation between C-H-O species sensitively affect the climatic and geodynamic state…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-09 Tim Lichtenberg , Sebastiaan Krijt

Substantial silicate vapor is expected to be in chemical equilibrium at temperature conditions typical of the silicate-atmosphere interface of sub-Neptune planets, which can exceed 5000 K. Previous models of the atmospheric structure and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-06-28 William Misener , Hilke E. Schlichting

The composition of giant planets is imprinted by their migration history and the compositional structure of their hosting disks. Studies in recent literature investigate how the abundances of C and O can constrain the formation pathways of…

[Abridged] Chemical evolution in the protoplanetary disk midplane can modify the composition of ices and gases. We have investigated if and how chemical evolution affects the abundances and distributions of key volatile species in the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-11-09 Christian Eistrup , Catherine Walsh , Ewine F. van Dishoeck

The thermal evolution of rocky planets on geological timescales (Gyr) depends on the heat input from the long-lived radiogenic elements potassium, thorium, and uranium. Concentrations of the latter two in rocky planet mantles are likely to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-11 Francis Nimmo , Joel Primack , Sandra M. Faber , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh

Planets with masses between Earth and Neptune often have radii that imply the presence of volatiles, suggesting that water may be abundant in their interiors. However, directly observing the precise water mass fraction and water…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-01-08 Michael Lozovsky

The volcanism plays an important part in mass exchange circle to bring matter from core of planet to atmosphere. Thus, it is a possible method to research the change of elements abundance in atmosphere by modeling the process of volatiles…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-01-02 Zihan Huang , Xing Zhou Q

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming advances in observing capability, we are poised to characterize the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-07-26 R. Wordsworth , L. Kreidberg

Oxygen (O) and carbon (C) have been inferred recently to be subsolar in abundance from spectra of the atmosphere of the transiting hot Jupiter HD 189733b. Yet, the mass and radius of the planet coupled with structure models indicate a…

Volatile elements - those that vaporize at low temperatures - are depleted in lunar rocks relative to terrestrial rocks. This systematic chemical depletion is evidence for vaporization and preferential removal of vapor from proto-lunar…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-06 Kaveh Pahlevan , Andrew N. Youdin , Paolo A. Sossi

The chemical composition of a planetary body reflects its starting conditions modified by numerous processes during its formation and geological evolution. Measurements by X-ray, gamma-ray, and neutron spectrometers on the MESSENGER…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-23 Larry R. Nittler , Nancy L. Chabot , Timothy L. Grove , Patrick N. Peplowski

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for atmospheric characterization. We analyze the masses and radii…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-09-09 R. Luque , E. Pallé