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Feature attribution is widely used in interpretable machine learning to explain how influential each measured input feature value is for an output inference. However, measurements can be uncertain, and it is unclear how the awareness of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-26 Danding Wang , Wencan Zhang , Brian Y. Lim

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a vibrant research topic in the artificial intelligence community, with growing interest across methods and domains. Much has been written about the subject, yet XAI still lacks shared…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Matteo Rizzo , Alberto Veneri , Andrea Albarelli , Claudio Lucchese , Marco Nobile , Cristina Conati

Post-hoc explainable AI (XAI) methods typically produce deterministic attribution maps, whereas Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) induce a distribution over explanations. Capturing the variability of this distribution is important for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Yinsong Chen , Samson S. Yu , Zhong Li , Chee Peng Lim

In recent years, Explainable AI (xAI) attracted a lot of attention as various countries turned explanations into a legal right. xAI allows for improving models beyond the accuracy metric by, e.g., debugging the learned pattern and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-10-05 Mohamed Karim Belaid , Eyke Hüllermeier , Maximilian Rabus , Ralf Krestel

The recent spike in certified Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for healthcare has renewed the debate around adoption of this technology. One thread of such debate concerns Explainable AI (XAI) and its promise to render AI devices more…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-02-27 Giovanni Cinà , Tabea E. Röber , Rob Goedhart , Ş. İlker Birbil

The surge in black-box AI models has prompted the need to explain the internal mechanism and justify their reliability, especially in high-stakes applications, such as healthcare and autonomous driving. Due to the lack of a rigorous…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Yongjie Wang , Tong Zhang , Xu Guo , Zhiqi Shen

We present a model-agnostic algorithm for generating post-hoc explanations and uncertainty intervals for a machine learning model when only a static sample of inputs and outputs from the model is available, rather than direct access to the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-27 Surin Ahn , Justin Grana , Yafet Tamene , Kristian Holsheimer

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is at the forefront of AI research. In XAI, feature attribution methods produce explanations in the form of feature importance. People often use…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-02-09 Jamie Duell , Monika Seisenberger , Gert Aarts , Shangming Zhou , Xiuyi Fan

The field of explainable AI (XAI) has quickly become a thriving and prolific community. However, a silent, recurrent and acknowledged issue in this area is the lack of consensus regarding its terminology. In particular, each new…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-11-03 Sebastian Palacio , Adriano Lucieri , Mohsin Munir , Jörn Hees , Sheraz Ahmed , Andreas Dengel

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly rec ognized as essential for deploying machine learning systems in safety critical environments. In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), where models operate on image, video, radar,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Muench , Dimitri Bulatov , Michael Arens

Researchers in explainable artificial intelligence have developed numerous methods for helping users understand the predictions of complex supervised learning models. By contrast, explaining the $\textit{uncertainty}$ of model outputs has…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-11-01 David S. Watson , Joshua O'Hara , Niek Tax , Richard Mudd , Ido Guy

Very few eXplainable AI (XAI) studies consider how users understanding of explanations might change depending on whether they know more or less about the to be explained domain (i.e., whether they differ in their expertise). Yet, expertise…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-12-20 Courtney Ford , Mark T Keane

The growing complexity of machine learning and deep learning models has led to an increased reliance on opaque "black box" systems, making it difficult to understand the rationale behind predictions. This lack of transparency is…

There have been several research works proposing new Explainable AI (XAI) methods designed to generate model explanations having specific properties, or desiderata, such as fidelity, robustness, or human-interpretability. However,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-01-25 Sérgio Jesus , Catarina Belém , Vladimir Balayan , João Bento , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro , João Gama

In the field of Explainable AI, multiples evaluation metrics have been proposed in order to assess the quality of explanation methods w.r.t. a set of desired properties. In this work, we study the articulation between the stability,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-23 Romain Xu-Darme , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Romain Giot , Georges Quénot , Zakaria Chihani , Marie-Christine Rousset , Alexey Zhukov

Uncertainty is a fundamental challenge in medical practice, but current medical AI systems fail to explicitly quantify or communicate uncertainty in a way that aligns with clinical reasoning. Existing XAI works focus on interpreting model…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Xiuyi Fan

The rise of AI methods to make predictions and decisions has led to a pressing need for more explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods. One common approach for XAI is to produce a post-hoc explanation, explaining why a black box ML…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-12-01 Jinqiang Yu , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey , Nina Narodytska , Joao Marques-Silva

Post-hoc explainability methods aim to clarify predictions of black-box machine learning models. However, it is still largely unclear how well users comprehend the provided explanations and whether these increase the users ability to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-22 Anahid Jalali , Bernhard Haslhofer , Simone Kriglstein , Andreas Rauber

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright