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Reinforcement Learning (RL) bears the promise of being a game-changer in many applications. However, since most of the literature in the field is currently focused on opaque models, the use of RL in high-stakes scenarios, where…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

Many strategic decision-making problems, such as environment design for warehouse robots, can be naturally formulated as bi-level reinforcement learning (RL), where a leader agent optimizes its objective while a follower solves a Markov…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Mikoto Kudo , Takumi Tanabe , Akifumi Wachi , Youhei Akimoto

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has been successful in learning sophisticated behaviors automatically; however, the learning process requires a huge number of trials. In contrast, animals can learn new tasks in just a few trials,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2016-11-11 Yan Duan , John Schulman , Xi Chen , Peter L. Bartlett , Ilya Sutskever , Pieter Abbeel

Training large language models (LLMs) as interactive agents presents unique challenges including long-horizon decision making and interacting with stochastic environment feedback. While reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled progress in…

We study the problem of training a principal in a multi-agent general-sum game using reinforcement learning (RL). Learning a robust principal policy requires anticipating the worst possible strategic responses of other agents, which is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-21 Eric Zhao , Alexander R. Trott , Caiming Xiong , Stephan Zheng

Counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR) aims to learn a ranking policy from user interactions while correcting for the inherent biases in interaction data, such as position bias. Existing CLTR methods assume a single ranking policy that…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Shashank Gupta , Yiming Liao , Maarten de Rijke

In goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL), sparse rewards present significant challenges, often obstructing efficient learning. Although multi-step GCRL can boost this efficiency, it can also lead to off-policy biases in target…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-30 Lisheng Wu , Ke Chen

Humans can flexibly generalize knowledge across domains by leveraging structured relational representations. While prior research has shown how such representations support analogical reasoning, less is known about how they are recruited to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Guillermo Puebla , Leonidas A. A. Doumas

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors of this paper organized a Reinforcement Learning (RL) course for a graduate school in the field of data science. We describe the strategy and materials for creating an exciting learning experience…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2022-09-13 Jan Ebert , Danimir T. Doncevic , Ramona Kloß , Stefan Kesselheim

AI methods are used in societally important settings, ranging from credit to employment to housing, and it is crucial to provide fairness in regard to algorithmic decision making. Moreover, many settings are dynamic, with populations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-09 Zhun Deng , He Sun , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Linjun Zhang , David C. Parkes

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) brings the power of deep neural networks to bear on the generic task of trial-and-error learning, and its effectiveness has been convincingly demonstrated on tasks such as Atari video games and the game of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2016-10-04 Marta Garnelo , Kai Arulkumaran , Murray Shanahan

Adequate strategizing of agents behaviors is essential to solving cooperative MARL problems. One intuitively beneficial yet uncommon method in this domain is predicting agents future behaviors and planning accordingly. Leveraging this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-15 Majd Ibrahim , Ammar Fayad

Reinforcement Learning (RL) applied to financial problems has been the subject of a lively area of research. The use of RL for optimal trading strategies that exploit latent information in the market is, to the best of our knowledge, not…

交易与市场微观结构 · 定量金融 2025-11-04 Andrea Macrì , Sebastian Jaimungal , Fabrizio Lillo

This paper presents a novel approach to automated playtesting for the prediction of human player behavior and experience. It has previously been demonstrated that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) game-playing agents can predict both game…

Activities in reinforcement learning (RL) revolve around learning the Markov decision process (MDP) model, in particular, the following parameters: state values, V; state-action values, Q; and policy, pi. These parameters are commonly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-07-24 Somnuk Phon-Amnuaisuk

We propose a simple, general and effective technique, Reward Randomization for discovering diverse strategic policies in complex multi-agent games. Combining reward randomization and policy gradient, we derive a new algorithm,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-03-15 Zhenggang Tang , Chao Yu , Boyuan Chen , Huazhe Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Fei Fang , Simon Du , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

This abstract proposes an approach towards goal-oriented modeling of the detection and modeling complex social phenomena in multiparty discourse in an online political strategy game. We developed a two-tier approach that first encodes…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-01-05 Hansin Ahuja , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Kokil Jaidka

Reinforcement Learning (RL) serves as a potent paradigm for enhancing reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard outcome-based approaches often suffer from reward sparsity and inefficient credit assignment. In this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Xiangwei Wang , Wei Wang , Ken Chen , Nanduni Nimalsiri , Saman Halgamuge

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan