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Proof-of-Work (PoW) is a popular blockchain consensus algorithm that is used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin in which hashing operations are repeated until the resulting hash has certain properties. This approach uses lots of computational…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-09 Felix Hoffmann

The security of TLS depends on trust in certificate authorities, and that trust stems from their ability to protect and control the use of a private signing key. The signing key is the key asset of a certificate authority (CA), and its…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-10-11 Bargav Jayaraman , Hannah Li , David Evans

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that features a distributed, decentralized and trustworthy mechanism, which has made Bitcoin a popular global transaction platform. The transaction efficiency among nations and the privacy benefiting from address…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-03-20 Yu-Jing Lin , Po-Wei Wu , Cheng-Han Hsu , I-Ping Tu , Shih-wei Liao

The BIX protocol is a blockchain-based protocol that allows distribution of certificates linking a subject with his public key, hence providing a service similar to that of a PKI but without the need of a CA. In this paper we analyze the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2016-07-29 Riccardo Longo , Federico Pintore , Giancarlo Rinaldo , Massimiliano Sala

Authcoin is an alternative approach to the commonly used public key infrastructures such as central authorities and the PGP web of trust. It combines a challenge response-based validation and authentication process for domains,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2016-09-19 Benjamin Leiding , Clemens H. Cap , Thomas Mundt , Samaneh Rashidibajgan

Owing to some special characteristics and features, blockchain is a very useful technique that can securely organize diverse devices in a smart city. It finds wide applications, especially in distributed environments, where entities such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-04-01 Jiahui Chen , Wensheng Gan , Muchuang Hu , Chien-Ming Chen

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is a popular consensus protocol used by Bitcoin since its inception. PoW has the well-known flaw of assigning all the reward to the single miner (or pool) that inserts the new block. This has the consequence of making…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-07-13 Danilo Bazzanella , Andrea Gangemi

A blockchain is a decentralized ledger where all transactions are recorded. For having a reliable blockchain and double-spending prevention, we need a decentralized consensus and agreement on a blockchain. Bitcoin uses proof-of-work (PoW).…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-05-06 Siamak Solat

Bitcoin is a digital currency which relies on a distributed set of miners to mint coins and on a peer-to-peer network to broadcast transactions. The identities of Bitcoin users are hidden behind pseudonyms (public keys) which are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-07-08 Alex Biryukov , Dmitry Khovratovich , Ivan Pustogarov

Bitcoin is the first of its kind, a truly decentralized and anonymous cryptocurrency. To realize it, it has developed blockchain technology using the concept of `Proof of Work' (PoW). The miners, nodes responsible for writing transaction…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Yash Chaurasia , Visvesh Subramanian , Sujit Gujar

In 2020 Sala, Sogiorno and Taufer have been able to find the private keys of some Bitcoin addresses, thus being able to spend the cryptocurrency linked to them. This result was unexpected, since the recovery of non-trivial private keys for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-06-29 Antonio J. Di Scala , Andrea Gangemi , Giuliano Romeo , Gabriele Vernetti

The Payment Protocol standard BIP70, specifying how payments in Bitcoin are performed by merchants and customers, is supported by the largest payment processors and most widely-used wallets. The protocol has been shown to be vulnerable to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Paolo Modesti , Siamak F. Shahandashti , Patrick McCorry , Feng Hao

An address is indicated as an identifier of the user on the blockchain, and is defined by a hash value of the ECDSA verification key. A vanity address is an address that embeds custom characters such as a name. To generate a vanity address,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-18 Shogo Murasaki , Kazumasa Omote , Keita Emura

Over the past decade, the Bitcoin P2P network protocol has become a reference model for all modern cryptocurrencies. While nodes in this network are known, the connections among them are kept hidden, as it is commonly believed that this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-07-28 Federico Franzoni , Xavier Salleras , Vanesa Daza

Most popular blockchain solutions, like Bitcoin, rely on proof-of-work, guaranteeing that the output of the consensus is agreed upon with high probability. However, this probability depends on the delivery of messages and that the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2016-05-19 Christopher Natoli , Vincent Gramoli

A peer-to-peer network, enabling different parties to jointly store and run computations on data while keeping the data completely private. Enigma's computational model is based on a highly optimized version of secure multi-party…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2015-06-12 Guy Zyskind , Oz Nathan , Alex Pentland

We analyzed the associations between Bitcoin transactions and addresses to cluster address and further find groups of addresses controlled by the same entity. It revealed the vulnerabilities of Bitcoin anonymity mechanism, which could be…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-05-13 He Xi , He Ketai , Lin Shenwen , Yang Jinglin , Mao Hongliang

Bitcoin is a decentralised digital currency that relies on cryptography rather than trusted third parties such as central banks for its security. Underpinning the operation of the currency is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network that facilitates…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-05-29 James Tapsell , Raja Naeem Akram , Konstantinos Markantonakis

Blockchain analysis is essential for understanding how cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are used in practice, and address clustering is a cornerstone of blockchain analysis. However, current techniques rely on heuristics that have not been…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-07-12 Malte Möser , Arvind Narayanan

Distributed ledger technology has gained wide popularity and adoption since the emergence of bitcoin in 2008 which is based on proof of work (PoW). It is a distributed, transparent and immutable database of records of all the transactions…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-10-10 Abdul Wahab , Waqas Mehmood